Show Cards: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I

Codes for Size of Place (Card A)

1 A village of less than 1,000 persons
2 A village of at least 1,000 but less than 3,000 persons
3 A large village (at least 3,000 but less than 5,000 persons)
4 A small town (at least 5,000 but less than 10,000 persons)
5 A large town (at least 10,000 but less than 100,000 persons)
6 A city (more than 100,000 persons), but not <capital city> or the capital of another country
7 <capital city> or the capital of another country

-1 Skipped (not applicable)
-2 Blank when response expected
-3 Wild code
-7 Don't know
-8 Refused

Codes for Activity (Card B)

01 Working or doing anything at all to earn money or help feed yourself or your family (including tending a family plot, hawking goods on the street, changing money, etc.) [includes "working pensioner", a category used only in Bulgaria]

02 Unemployed and looking for work

03 Going to school, studying

04 Keeping house [In the Russian questionnaire, the wording is gender specific, i.e., "Being a housewife".]

05 On maternity leave

06 Retired

07 Unable to work

08 In military

09 In jail

10 Doing forced labor

11 In concentration camp

12 Not working, not doing anything else

13 Other activity (please tell the interviewer)

-1 Skipped (not applicable--not economically active, not alive, too young, etc.)
-2 Blank when response expected
-3 Wild code
-7 Don't know
-8 Refused

Codes for Industrial Branch (Card C)

01 Agriculture, hunting, forestry, or fishing [Bulgaria: two separate categories were coded, to distinguish "agriculture" from the remainder. They are combined here.]

02 Mining and quarrying [Bulgaria: "Mining"]

03 Manufacturing

04 Construction

05 Electricity, gas and water supply [Bulgaria: "Power engineering, water and gas supply"]

06 Transport, storage and communications

07 Wholesale and retail trade

08 Hotels and restaurants

09 Education, science, culture, and mass communications (TV, radio, newspapers)

10 Social services and health [Bulgaria: "Health care"]

11 Financial services [Bulgaria: "Banks, insurance, currency exchanges, stock exchanges]

12 Other services [Bulgaria: "All kinds of services - public services, repairs, etc.]

13 Private households [Bulgaria: "Private households (servant, private driver, domestic nurse, baby-sitter, etc."]

14 Public administration [Bulgaria: "trade unions and ngos, political parties" was coded as a separate category, but has been included here; Hungary: "mass organization" was coded as a separate category, but has been included here]

15 Armed forces, police

16 Other industrial branches (please tell the interviewer)

-1 Skipped (not applicable--not economically active, not alive, too young, etc.)
-2 Blank when response expected
-3 Wild code
-7 Don't know
-8 Refused

Codes for Organization Type (Card D)

1 State enterprise/authority

2 Local (district, municipal) enterprise/authority

3 Cooperative/employee-owned firm

4 State-owned enterprise being prepared for privatization or currently in process of privatization

5 Formerly state owned enterprise now privatized

305 Hungary only: Privatized with both foreign and domestic capital [Note: codes 305 and 306 replace code 5; for international comparisons the two codes may be recoded to "5"]

306 Hungary only: Privatized with domestic capital only

6 Enterprise never state owned, founded as private; no foreign ownership

7 Joint venture (enterprise founded as private with partly foreign capital)

8 Foreign owned firm

9 Other (please tell the interviewer)

-1 Skipped (not applicable--not economically active, not alive, too young, etc.)
-2 Blank when response expected
-3 Wild code
-7 Don't know
-8 Refused

[Note: In Russia, categories 4 and 5 were combined into a single category: "Firm or organization in the process of privatization or already privatized". All responses are included in category 4, so there are no category 5 responses for Russia.]

Codes for Political Party (Card E)

[Country-specific codes; the codes are shown in Part II.]

Codes for Ancestry (Card F)

[Country-specific codes; the codes are shown in Part II.]

Codes for Religion (Card G)

[Country-specific codes; the codes are shown in Part II.]

Codes for Frequency of Participation (Card H)

0 Never
1 Less than once a year
2 Once or twice a year
3 A few times a year
4 Around once a month
5 Several times a month
6 More often than once a week
-1 Skipped (not applicable)
-2 Blank when response expected
-3 Wild code
-7 Don't know
-8 Refused

Codes for Number of Books (Card I)

0 None
1 One or two
2 Around 10
3 Around 20
4 Around 50
5 Around 100
6 Around 200
7 Around 500
8 1,000 or more

-1 Skipped (not applicable)
-2 Blank when response expected
-3 Wild code
-7 Don't know
-8 Refused

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*  Highest level of education completed
*  Bulgaria   *  Hungary   *  Czech Republic   *  Poland   *  Russia   *  All Countries

*  Kind of school
*  Bulgaria   *  Hungary   *  Czech Republic   *  Poland   *  Russia   *  All Countries

I. Highest level of education completed (A2d-A3d; A5c-A6c, J4, M3, O5, O7)

Country-specific codes for the highest level of education completed are shown for each country, together with their conversion into expanded CASMIN categories and "Years of schooling". For details on how these conversions were effected, see Part III and Appendix D. Here are the expanded CASMIN codes.

0 No schooling
1 Incomplete primary education
2 Completed primary education
3 Completed primary education and basic vocational qualification
4 Secondary, incomplete, no certificate
5 Secondary, vocational qualification
6 Secondary, academic certificate (e.g., matura)
7 Higher education, incomplete, no certificate/degree
8 Higher education, tertiary certificate/degree
9 Higher education, post-graduate study

CASMIN Yrs of code schling

Bulgaria

0 0 101 No education

1 4 102 Elementary education - up to 4th class

1 7 103 Unfinished primary education

2 8 104 Finished primary education - 8th class

3 10 105 Finished primary education plus Professsional-Technical school, but not secondary school, or additional qualification testified by a certificate

4 10 106 Secondary, unfinished

6 11 107 General secondary, USPS (United Secondary Politechnic School)

5 12 108 Secondary professional or special, Technicum

7 14 109 College education (litteraly: semi-higher education)

7 15 110 Higher education, unfinished

8 16 111 Higher education, with diploma

9 19 112 Higher education, with academic degree

Interviewers were instructed to use the remaining codes to classify a level of education plus an additional qualification - i.e. all courses, PTCs (Professional Training Centers), etc., that issue a certificate.

3 5 113 Elementary education + additional qualification

3 8 114 Unfinished primary + additional qualification

3 11 115 Secondary, unfinished + additional qualification

6 12 116 Secondary general, USPS + additional qualification

5 13 117 Secondary professional or special, Technicum + additional qualification

7 13 118 College (semi-higher), unfinished + additional qualification

8 15 119 College (semi-higher) + additional qualification

7 15 120 Higher education, unfinished + additional qualification

8 17 121 Higher education, with diploma + additional qualification

9 20 122 Higher education, with academic degree + additional qualification

Czech Republic

1 6 201 Uncompleted primary

2 8 202 Primary

3 11 203 Apprentice training without diploma

5 11 204 Apprentice training with diploma

4 11 205 Lower secondary school without diploma

5 12 206 Vocational/technical secondary school

6 12 207 Academic secondary school

8 17 208 University/other tertiary education

9 19 209 Postgraduate education (doctors degree)

9 20 210 Ph.d./further postgraduate education

Hungary

0 0 301 None

1 2 302 Less than 4 years elementary (elemi)

1 4 303 Four years elementary (elemi) xx CASMIN 1,2 HERE ALSO?

1,2 6 304 Six years elementary (elemi) [for those born before 1936, CASMIN = 2; for those born 1936 or later, CASMIN = 1]

2 8 305 Four years middle school (polgari)

1 6 306 Less than 8 years of primary (altalanos)

2 8 307 Eight years primary completed

3 11 308 Apprenticeship training

3 11 309 Trade school (kereskedelmi)

5 12 310 Secondary vocational school

6 12 311 Completed secondary academic

8 15 312 Completed 3-4 year college degree (foiskola)

8 17 313 Completed 5-6 year university degree (egyetem)

Poland

0 0 401 Never attended school

1 4 402 Primary incomplete

2 8 403 Completed primary

3 11 404 Basic vocational

4 11 405 Some secondary (not completed)

6 12 406 General secondary (completed)

5 12 407 Vocational secondary (completed)

7 16 408 Some college or post-secondary (not completed)

8 16 409 Post-secondary vocational

8 17 410 College completed

Russia

0 0 500 No education (0-3 years)

1 6 501 Incomplete primary school (4-6 years)

2 8 502 Completed primary school (7-8 years)

3 9 503 Primary school and apprentice training (vocational education) (9 years)

4 9 504 Incomplete secondary school (9 years)

5 11 505 Completed secondary vocational/technical school (10-12 years)

6 10 506 Completed secondary general/academic school (10-12 years)

7 13 507 Incomplete tertiary education (13-14 years)

8 15 508 Completed tertiary education 15-16 years)

9 18 509 Post-graduate education (17-19 years)

9 20 510 Candidate or doctoral degree

All countries

-1 -1 -1 Skipped (not applicable)

-2 -2 -2 Blank when response expected

-3 -3 -3 Wild code

-7 -7 -7 Don't know

-8 -8 -8 Refused

Kind of school (C1b-C12b)

Bulgaria

101 Elementary school - up to 4th class

102 Primary school - up to 8th class

103 Regular secondary school, USPS (United Secondary Politechic School)

104 Secondary professional technical school, Technicum

105 Professional - PTS (Professional technical school with two years course of education, agrarian schools and all schools after primary, which are not for secondary education)

106 National Secondary School of Culture in Gorna Bania

107 Special school for children with physical or mental disabilities

108 Semi-higher institute (College)

109 University/ Higher institute

110 Other higher education institution (specify)

111 Other (specify)

112 Any kind of PTC (Professional Training Center) or qualification courses with certificate

113 Language gymnasium, or the Gymnasium for ancient languages and cultures

114 Party or Comsomol school

115 Higher party school, ASCSM (the Academy of Social Sciences and Social Management)

116 Secondary militia/police school

117 Higher special school "Gueorgui Dimitrov"

118 Sergeant secondary (military) school

119 Higher military school

Czech Republic (also Slovakia)

201 Five years of schooling (before 1948: lower elementary)

202 Council school (from 5th to 8th year of schooling) (before 1948: higher elementary)

203 Primary school (8 or 9 years of schooling) (after 1948: elementary)

204 Apprentice training at a master or a firm (before the war)

205 Vocational school/training without diploma (3 to 4 years, no secondary school diploma)

206 Lower secondary school without diploma

207 Vocational school/training with diploma

208 Academic secondary school ("gymnazium")

209 Vocational/technical secondary school with diploma

210 Further higher education

211 Tertiary education - college

212 Tertiary education - university

213 Postgraduate training - first level (for doctor's degree)

214 Postdoctoral training - second level (for Csc. = Ph.d.)

215 Medical doctor's second and further diploma

216 Other type of education

Hungary

301 School for the disabled (kisegito isk)

302 Four year elementary (elemi)

303 Middle school (polgari)

304 Primary school

305 Apprenticeship training

306 Trade school

307 Secondary vocational school

308 Technical secondary school (technikum)

309 Secondary academic school

310 Teacher training (secondary) school

311 3-4 year college (foiskola)

312 5-6 year university (egyetem)

313 Other tertiary

314 Other

Poland

401 Elementary

402 Vocational (non-secondary; two or three year school that trains skilled manual workers).

403 Secondary academic (gymnasium)

404 Secondary technical (vocational) - graduates get "matura"

405 Post-secondary vocational (two year vocational training for gymnasium graduates: this is neither college nor university)

406 Tertiary, university (graduates get MA or equivalent)

407 Tertiary, non-university (college): graduates get BA., Ing., equivalent

408 Other

409 Postgraduate (PhD, other; MA required to enroll).

Russia (From discussion with Ludmila Khakhulina in Utrecht, Netherlands, December 1993)

501 Primary or incomplete secondary school--less than 7 or 8 classes [should be primary only, but wasn't in Russian questionnaire] (primary schools had 7 grades (classes) until the 1960's and 8 grades (classes) thereafter).

502 Academic secondary school (the typical pattern was 8 years of primary school plus 2 or 3 years of academic secondary school, for a total of 10-11 years of schooling).

503 Vocational secondary school (this type of schooling led to employment as a skilled worker; the typical pattern was 8 years of primary school plus 2 years of vocational secondary school; or else 8 years of primary school, 2 years of technical or academic secondary school, and 1 year of vocational secondary school; for a total of 10-11 years of schooling).

504 Apprentice training (the typical pattern was 8 years of primary school plus 1 year of apprentice training, for a total of 9 years of schooling).

505 Technical secondary school ["Technicum"] (this type of schooling led to employment as a technician, engineering assistant, etc., and also to such occupations as nurse, feldsher (person who provides low level and routine medical care), etc.; the typical pattern was 8 years of primary school plus 3 or 4 years of technical secondary school; an alternative pattern was 8 years of primary school, 2 years of academic secondary school, and 2 years of technical secondary school; total schooling was typically 11-12 years).

506 University/institute (the typical pattern was 8 years of primary school, 2-3 years of technical school, and 5 years of university/institute training, for a total of 15-16 years of schooling)

507 Other higher educational institution

508 Other

509 Graduate school, post-graduate training

All countries

-1 Skipped (not applicable)
-2 Blank when response expected
-3 Wild code
-7 Don't know
-8 Refused

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*  Enhanced ISCO
*  EGP
*  SIX
*  Rationale   *  General Conventions    *  Legislators   *  State Administrators    * Party Officials
*  Directors and chief executives   *  Culture, science and mass communicaitons   * Other Modifications

Enhanced International Standard Classification of Occupations (Revised Edition 1988)

Respondents were asked to report the occupations of their parents, grandfathers, spouses, and spouses' fathers, and to provide a complete occupational history for themselves. All responses to occupation questions were recorded as narrative descriptions (the job title and the principal duties). In all but one country (Hungary),⁽¹⁾ these narrative descriptions were coded directly into an enhanced version of the four digit classification of the 1988 edition of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ILO, 1989).⁽²⁾ The ISCO was enhanced for this project by the inclusion of a number of additional codes distinguishing Communist Party and government officials, and also a number of categories for members of the armed forces and for occupations described in insufficient detail, e.g., "foreman," "skilled worker," etc. Finally, we have made a few modifications to remove ambiguities from the ISCO. The memorandum specifying the enhancement is shown after the listing of ISCO codes that follows immediately. In this listing, added categories (that is, those not appearing in the ISCO manual) are shown with an initial *.

The ISCO codes were then assigned scores on Ganzeboom, De Graaf, and Treiman's (1992) International Socioeconomic Status Scale [ISE] and Treiman's (1977) International Occupational Prestige Scale [PRE], and also into 10 [EGP] and six [SIX] category versions of Erickson, Goldthorpe, and Portocararero's occupational class categories (see Erikson and Goldthorpe, 1992:35-47; and Ganzeboom, Luijkx, and Treiman, 1989). See Part III for the variables thus created. Here we show the scores or codes assigned to each ISCO category.

The socioeconomic status and prestige scales range from 0-100 (in practice, from about 10 to about 90) and are fully described in the publications cited above, and in Ganzeboom and Treiman (1994). The versions of the scores and codes reported here are from Ganzeboom and Treiman (1994).

EGP

1. Class I. Higher-grade professionals, administrators, and officials; managers in large industrial establishments; large proprietors.

2. Class II. Lower-grade professionals, administrators, and officials; higher-grade technicians; managers in small industrial establishments; supervisors of non-manual employees.

3. Classes IIIa and IIIb. Routine non-manual employuees, higher-grade (administration and commerce)/Routine non-manual employees, lower grade (sales and services)

4. Class IVa. Small proprietors, artisans, etc., with employees.

5. Class IVb. Small proprietors, artisans, etc., without employees.

7. Class V. Lower-grade technicians; supervisors of manual workers.

8. Class VI. Skilled manual workers.

9. Class VIIa. Semi- and unskilled manual workers (not in agriculture, etc.)

10. Class VIIb. Agricultural and other workers in primary production.

11. Class IVc. Farmers and smallholders; other self-employed workers in primary production.

SIX

1. Professionals and aministrators
2. Routine non-manual
3. Small proprietors
4. Skilled manual workers and manual supervisors
5. Semi- and unskilled manual workers
6. Farmers and farm laborers

Since EGP is defined by self-employment and supervisory status as well as by occupation, a given occupation may be assigned to more than one EGP category. In these cases, all possible assignments are shown.

ISCO Occupation title EGP SIX PRE ISE

1000 Legislators, Senior Officials & Managers 1 1 51 55

1100 Legislators & Senior Officials 1 1 67 70

1110 Legislators 1 1 64 77

* 1111 Legislators 1 1 64 73

* 1112 Ministers 1 1 64 73

1120 Senior Government Officials 1 1 71 77

* 1121 Senior Government Officials (not further specified) 1 1 67 77

* 1122 Senior Government Officials in Ministries and other Central

Government Organizations (Nomenklatura) 1 1 67 77

* 1123 Senior Government Officials in Ministries and other Central

Government Organizations (non-Nomenklatura) 1 1 67 72

* 1124 Local Government Officials - Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1125 Local Government Officials - Non-Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

1130 Traditional Chiefs & Heads of Villages 2 1 63 66

1140 Senior Officials of Special-Interest Organisations 2 1 63 58

* 1141 Senior Officials of Political-Party Organisations 2 1 63 58

* 1142 Senior Officials of Economic-Interest Organisations 2 1 63 58

* 1143 Senior Officials of Special-Interest Organisations 2 1 64 58

* 1150 Communist Party Officials 1 1 67 72

* 1151 Central Committee Members 1 1 67 72

* 1152 Central Committee Apparatus - Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1153 Central Committee Apparatus - Non-Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1154 Local Party Officials - Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1155 Local Party Officials - Non-Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1156 Party Officials in Economic Enterprises - Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1157 Party Officials in Economic Enterprises - Non-Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1158 Party Officials in Party Enterprises - Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1159 Party Officials in Party Enterprises - Non-Nomenklatura 1 1 67 72

* 1160 Administrators of Mass Organizations 1 1 65 66

* 1161 Trade Union Officials - Nomenklatura 1 1 65 66

* 1162 Trade Union Officials - Non-Nomenklatura 1 1 65 66

* 1163 Youth Organization Officials - Nomenklatura 1 1 65 66

* 1164 Youth Organization Officials - Non-Nomenklatura 1 1 65 66

* 1165 Administrators of Other Communist Mass Orgs - Nomenklatura 1 1 65 66

* 1166 Administrators of Other Communist Mass Orgs -

Non-Nomenklatura 1 1 65 66

* 1200 Corporate Managers [Large Enterprise] 1 1 60 68

* 1210 Directors & Chief Executives [Large Enterprise] 1 1 70 70

* 1211 Directors and Chief Executives 1 1 70 70

* 1212 Deputy Directors, Chief Engineers and Chief Accountants 1 1 70 70

* 1220 Department Managers [Large Enterprise][Production-Operation] 1 1 63 67

1221 Department Managers Agric., Hunting, Forestry & Fishing 11 6 60 67

1222 Department Managers Manufacturing 1 1 60 67

1223 Department Managers Construction 1 1 60 67

1224 Department Managers Wholesale & Retail Trade 1 1 60 59

1225 Department Managers Restaurants & Hotels 1 1 60 59

1226 Department Managers Transport, Storage & Communications 1 1 60 59

1227 Department Managers Business Services 1 1 60 67

1228 Department Managers Personal Care, Cleaning etc 1 1 60 59

1229 Operations Department Managers nec 1 1 60 67

* 1230 Other Department Managers [Large Enterprise] 1 1 60 61

1231 Finance & Administration Department Managers 1 1 60 69

1232 Personnel & Industrial Relations Department Managers 1 1 60 69

1233 Sales & Marketing Department Managers 1 1 60 56

1234 Advertising & Public Relations Department Managers 1 1 60 69

1235 Supply & Distribution Department Managers 1 1 60 69

1236 Computing Services Department Managers 1 1 60 69

1237 Research & Development Department Managers 1 1 60 69

1239 Other Department Managers nec 1 1 60 69

* 1240 [Office Manager] 2 1 55 58

* 1250 [Military Officers] 1 1 65 64

* 1251 [High Military Officers] 1 1 73 70

* 1252 [Lower Military Officers] 2 1 63 60

* 1300 General Managers [Small Enterprise] 2 1 50 51

* 1310 General Managers [Small Enterprise] 2 1 50 51

1311 General Managers Agriculture, Hunting Forestry & Fishing 11 6 47 43

1312 General Managers Manufacturing 2 1 52 56

1313 General Managers Construction 2 1 52 51

1314 General Managers Wholesale & Retail Trade 2 1 46 49

1315 General Managers Restaurants & Hotels 2 1 38 44

1316 General Managers Transport, Storage & Communications 2 1 52 51

1317 General Managers Business Services 2 1 52 51

1318 General Managers Personal Care, Cleaning etc Services 2 1 52 51

1319 General Managers nec 2 1 52 51

* 1320 "Businessman"/"Trader"/"Entrepreneur", not further specified

[used only in Czech Republic and Slovakia] 2 1 52 51

2000 [Professionalsl 1 1 62 70

* 2010 [Scientific, Cultural and Media Nomenklatura] 1 1 64 70

* 2011 Media Nomenklatura 1 1 58 65

* 2012 Scientific and Cultural Nomenklatura 1 1 69 74

2100 Physical, Mathematical & Engineering Science Professionals 1 1 63 69

2110 Physicists, Chemists & Related Professionals 1 1 69 74

2111 Physicists & Astronomers 1 1 75 74

2112 Meteorologists 1 1 72 74

2113 Chemists 1 1 69 74

2114 Geologists & Geophysicists 1 1 67 74

2120 Mathematicians, Statisticians etc Professionals 1 1 56 71

2121 Mathematicians etc Professionals 1 1 69 71

2122 Statisticians 1 1 55 71

2130 Computing Professionals 1 1 51 71

2131 Computer Systems Designers & Analysts 1 1 51 71

2132 Computer Programmers 2 1 51 71

2139 Computing Professionals nec 2 1 51 71

2140 Architects, Engineers etc Professionals 1 1 63 73

2141 Architects Town & Traffic Planners 1 1 72 69

2142 Civil Engineers 1 1 70 69

2143 Electrical Engineers 1 1 65 68

2144 Electronics & Telecommunications Engineers 1 1 65 68

2145 Mechanical Engineers 1 1 66 67

2146 Chemical Engineers 1 1 66 71

2147 Mining Engineers Metallurgists etc Professionals 1 1 61 67

2148 Cartographers & Surveyors 2 1 58 56

2149 Architects Engineers etc Professionals nec 1 1 56 69

2200 Life Science & Health Professionals 1 1 70 80

2210 Life Science Professionals 1 1 62 78

2211 Biologists, Botanists Zoologists etc Professionals 1 1 69 77

2212 Pharmacologists, Pathologists etc Professlonals 1 1 68 77

2213 Agronomists etc Professionals 1 1 56 79

2220 Health Professionals (Except Nursing) 1 1 73 85

2221 Medical Doctors 1 1 78 88

2222 Dentists 1 1 70 85

2223 Veterinarians 1 1 61 83

2224 Pharmacists 1 1 64 74

2229 Health Professionals Except Nursing nec 1 1 73 85

2230 Nursing & Midwifery Professionals 2 1 54 43

2300 Teaching Professionals 2 1 61 69

2310 Higher Education Teaching Professionals 1 1 78 77

2320 Secondary Education Teaching Professionals 2 1 60 69

* 2321 [Second Teacher, Academic Track] 2 1 60 70

* 2322 [Second Vocational Track] 2 1 57 66

* 2323 Middle School Teacher 2 1 57 66

2330 Primary & Pre-Primary Education Teaching Professionals 2 1 57 66

2331 Primary Education Teaching Professionals 2 1 57 66

2332 Pre-Primary Education Teaching Professionals 2 1 49 43

2340 Special Education Teaching Professionals 2 1 62 66

2350 Other Teaching Professionals 1 1 62 66

2351 Education Methods Specialists 1 1 68 70

2352 School Inspectors 1 1 68 70

2359 Other Teaching Professionals nec 2 1 62 65

2400 Other Professionals 1 1 60 68

2410 Business Professionals 2 1 57 69

2411 Accountants 1 1 62 69

2412 Personnel & Careers Professionals 2 1 56 69

2419 Business Professionals nec 2 1 57 69

2420 Legal Professionals 1 1 73 85

2421 Lawyers 1 1 73 85

2422 Judges 1 1 76 90

2429 Legal Professionals nec 1 1 71 82

2430 Archivists, Librarians etc Information Professionals 2 1 54 65

2431 Archivists & Curators 2 1 54 65

2432 Librarians etc Information Professlonals 2 1 54 65

2440 Social Science etc Professionals 1 1 58 65

2441 Economists 1 1 60 78

2442 Sociologists Anthropologists etc Professionals 1 1 67 71

2443 Philosophers, Historians & Political Scientists 1 1 67 71

2444 Philologists Translators & Interpreters 2 1 62 65

2445 Psychologists 1 1 67 71

2446 Social Work Professionals 2 1 52 51

2450 Writers & Creative or Performing Artists 2 1 57 61

2451 Authors Journalists & Other Writers 2 1 58 65

2452 Sculptors, Painters etc Artists 2 1 57 54

2453 Composers Musicians & Singers 2 1 45 64

2454 Choreographers & Dancers 2 1 40 64

2455 Film, Stage etc Actors & Directors 2 1 57 64

2460 Religious Professionals 2 1 60 53

3000 Technicians and Associated Professionals 2 1 48 54

3100 Physical & Engineering Science Associate Professionals 2 1 48 50

3110 Physical & Engineering Science Technicians 2 1 48 49

3111 Chemical & Physical Science Technicians 2 1 46 45

3112 Civil Engineering Technicians 2 1 39 45

3113 Electrical Engineering Technicians 2 1 46 46

3114 Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering Technicians 2 1 46 46

3115 Mechanical Engineering Technicians 2 1 46 54

3116 Chemical Engineering Technicians 2 1 46 54

3117 Mining & Metallurgical Technicians 2 1 53 54

3118 Draughtspersons 2 1 55 51

3119 Physical & Engineering Science Technicians nec 2 1 46 53

3120 Computer Associate Professionals 2 1 53 52

3121 Computer Assistants 2 1 53 52

3122 Computer Equipment Operators 2 1 53 52

3123 Industrial Robot Controllers 2 1 53 52

3130 Optical & Electronic Equipment Operators 2 1 46 52

3131 Photographers & Elctr Equipment Operators 2 1 46 48

3132 Broadcasting & Telecommunications Equipment Operators 2 1 49 57

3133 Medical Equipment Operators 2 1 58 57

3139 Optical & Electronic Equipment Operators nec 2 1 44 52

3140 Ship & Aircraft Controllers & Technicians 2 1 57 57

3141 Ships Engineers 2 1 60 52

3142 Ships Deck Officers & Pilots 2 1 55 52

3143 Aircraft Pilots etc Associate Professionals 1 1 60 69

3144 Air Traffic Controllers 1 1 50 69

3145 Air Traffic Safety Technicians 2 1 46 50

3150 Safety & Ouality Inspectors 2 1 54 50

3151 Building & Fire Inspectors 2 1 54 50

3152 Safety, Health & Quality Inspectors 2 1 54 50

3200 Life Science & Health Associate Professionals 2 1 51 48

3210 Life Science Technicians etc Associate Professionals 2 1 52 50

3211 Life Science Technicians 2 1 52 50

3212 Agronomy & Forestry Technicians 2 1 47 50

3213 Farming & Forestry Advisers 2 1 55 50

3220 Modern Health Associate Professionals Except Nursing 2 1 51 55

3221 Medical Assistants 2 1 53 51

3222 Sanitarians 2 1 48 51

3223 Dieticians & Nutritionists 2 1 52 51

3224 Optometrists & Opticians 2 1 60 60

3225 Dental Assistants 2 1 44 51

3226 Physiotherapists etc Associate Professionals 2 1 51 60

3227 Veterinary Assistants 2 1 48 51

3228 Pharmaceutical Assistants 2 1 44 51

3229 Modern Health Associate Professionals Except Nursing nec 2 1 45 51

3230 Nursing & Midwifery Associate Professionals 3 2 44 38

3231 Nursing Associate Professionals 3 2 44 38

3232 Midwifery Associate Professionals 3 2 44 38

3240 Traditional Medicine Practitioners & Faith Healers 2 1 29 49

3241 Traditional Medicine Practitioners 2 1 29 51

3242 Faith Healers 2 1 22 38

3300 Teaching Associate Professionals 3 2 50 38

3310 Primary Education Teaching Associate Professionals 3 2 50 38

3320 Pre-Primary Education Teaching Associate Professionals 3 2 50 38

3330 Special Education Teaching Associate Professionals 3 2 50 38

3340 Other Teaching Associate Professionals 3 2 50 38

3400 Other Associate Professionals 2 1 48 55

3410 Finance & Sales Associate Professionals 2 1 47 55

3411 Securities & Finance Dealers & Brokers 2 1 50 61

3412 Insurance Representatives 2 1 44 54

* 3413 Estate Agents 2 1 49 59

3414 Travel Consultants & Organisers 2 1 43 56

3415 Technical & Commercial Sales Representatives 2 1 46 56

3416 Buyers 2 1 49 50

3417 Appraisers, Valuers & Auctioneers 2 1 46 56

3419 Finance & Sales Associate Professionals nec 2 1 46 55

3420 Business Services Agents and Trade Brokers 2 1 42 55

3421 Trade Brokers 2 1 55 55

3422 Clearing & Forwarding Agents 2 1 50 55

3423 Employment Agents & Labour Contractors 2 1 49 55

3429 Business Services Agents & Trade Brokers nec 2 1 42 55

3430 Administrative Associate Professionals 3 2 49 54

3431 Administrative Secretaries etc Associate Professionals 2 1 53 54

3432 Legal etc Business Associate Professlonals 2 1 49 59

3433 Bookkeepers 3 2 49 51

3434 Statistical, Mathematical etc Associate Professionals 2 1 51 61

3439 Administrative Associate Professionals nec 3 2 53 54

3440 Customs, Tax etc Government Associate Professionals 2 1 52 56

3441 Customs & Border Inspectors 2 1 44 56

3442 Government Tax & Excise Officials 2 1 52 57

3443 Government Social Benefits Officials 2 1 55 56

3444 Government Licensing Officials 2 1 54 46

3449 Customs Tax etc Government Associate Professionals nec 2 1 55 56

3450 Police [And Army] 2 1 45 56

3451 [Police Inspectors-Detectives] 2 1 60 55

* 3452 [Armed Forces Low Officers] 7 4 44 56

3460 Social Work Associate Professionals 3 2 49 43

3470 Artistic, Entertainment & Sports Associate Professionals 2 1 44 52

3471 Decorators & Commercial Designers 2 1 49 53

3472 Radio, Television & Other Announcers 2 1 50 64

3473 Street Night-Club etc Musicians Singers & Dancers 2 1 32 50

3474 Clowns Magicians Acrobats etc Associate Professionals 2 1 33 50

3475 Athletes Sportspersons etc Associate Professionals 2 1 49 54

3480 Religious Associate Professionals 3 2 50 38

4000 Clerks 3 2 37 45

4100 Office Clerks 3 2 37 45

4110 Secretaries & Keyboard-Operating Clerks 3 2 45 51

4111 Stenographers & Typists 3 2 42 51

4112 Word-Processor etc Operators 3 2 42 50

4113 Data Entry Operators 3 2 45 50

4114 Calculating-Machine Operators 3 2 45 51

4115 Secretaries 3 2 53 53

4120 Numerical Clerks 3 2 44 51

4121 Accounting & Bookkeeping Clerks 3 2 45 51

4122 Statistical & Finance Clerks 3 2 36 51

4130 Material-Recording & Transport Clerks 3 2 32 36

4131 Stock Clerks 3 2 30 32

4132 Production Clerks 3 2 44 33

4133 Transport Clerks 3 2 37 45

4140 Library, Mail etc Clerks 3 2 37 39

4141 Library & Filing Clerks 3 2 38 39

4142 Mail Carriers & Sorting Clerks 9 5 33 39

4143 Coding Proof-Reading etc Clerks 3 2 41 39

4144 Scribes etc Workers 3 2 37 39

4190 Other Office Clerks 3 2 37 39

4200 Customer Services Clerks 3 2 39 49

4210 Cashiers, Tellers etc Clerks 3 2 37 48

4211 Cashiers & Ticket Clerks 3 2 34 53

4212 Tellers & Other Counter Clerks 3 2 42 46

4213 Bookmakers & Croupiers 3 2 34 40

4214 Pawnbrokers & Money-Lenders 3 2 15 40

4215 Debt-Collectors etc Workers 3 2 27 40

4220 Client Information Clerics 3 2 38 52

4221 Travel Agency etc Clerks 3 2 38 52

4222 Receptionists & Information Clerks 3 2 38 52

4223 Telephone Switchboard Operators 3 2 38 52

5000 Service Workers & Shop & Market Sales Workers 3 2 32 40

5100 Personal & Protective Services Workers 3 2 32 38

5110 Travel Attendants etc 3 2 32 34

5111 Travel Attendants & Travel Stewards 3 2 50 34

5112 Transport Conductors 3 2 32 34

5113 Travel, Museum Guides 3 2 29 34

5120 Housekeeping & Restaurant Services Workers 3 2 26 32

5121 Housekeepers etc Workers 2 1 37 30

5122 Cooks 8 4 31 30

5123 Waiters Waitresses & Bartenders 9 5 21 34

5130 Personal Care etc Work 9 5 27 25

5131 Child-Care Workers 3 2 23 25

5132 Institution-Based Personal Care Workers 9 5 42 25

5133 Home Based Personal Care Workers 3 2 17 25

5139 Personal Care etc Workers nec 9 5 29 25

5140 Other Personal Services Workers 8 4 29 30

5141 Hairdressers Barbers Beauticians etc Workers 8 4 32 29

5142 Companions & Valets 9 5 17 19

5143 Undertakers & Embalmers 8 4 34 54

5149 Other Personal Services Workers nec 9 5 29 19

5150 Astrologers, Fortune-Tellers etc Workers 2 1 37 43

5151 Astrologers etc Workers 2 1 37 43

5152 Fortune-Tellers, Palmists etc Workers 2 1 37 43

5160 Protective Services Workers 9 5 37 47

5161 Fire-Fighters 8 4 35 42

5162 Police Officers 8 4 40 50

5163 Prison Guards 9 5 39 40

* 5164 [Soldiers Low] 8 4 39 40

5169 Protective Services Workers nec 9 5 30 40

5200 Models, Salespersons & Demonstrators 3 2 31 43

5210 Fashion & Other Models 3 2 28 43

5220 Shop Salespersons & Demonstrators 3 2 32 43

5230 Stall & Market Salespersons 3 2 24 37

6000 Skilled Agricultural & Fishery Workers 10 6 37 23

* 6100 Market-Oriented Skilled Agricultural & Fishery Workers 10 6 38 23

6110 Market Gardeners & Cropgrowers 10 6 40 23

6111 Field Crop & Vegetable Growers 10 6 40 23

6112 Tree & Shrub Crop Growers 10 6 40 23

6113 Gardeners, Horticultural & Nursery Growers 10 6 40 23

6114 Mixed-Crop Growers 10 6 40 23

6120 Market-Oriented Animal Producers etc Workers 10 6 40 23

6121 Dairy & Livestock Producers 10 6 40 23

6122 Poultry Producers 10 6 40 23

6123 Apiarists & Sericulturists 10 6 40 23

6124 Mixed -Animal Producers 10 6 40 23

6129 Market-Oriented Animal Producers etc Workers nec 10 6 40 23

6130 Market-Oriented Crop & Animal Producers 10 6 38 23

6131 [Mixed Farmers] 11 6 40 23

6132 [Farm Foremen/Supervisors] 11 6 41 27

6133 [Undocumented Farm] 11 6 40 28

6140 Forestry etc Workers 10 6 24 22

6141 Forestry Workers & Loggers 10 6 24 22

6142 Charcoal Burners etc Workers 10 6 16 22

6150 Fishery Workers, Hunters & Trappers 10 6 28 28

6151 Aquatic-Life Cultivation Workers 10 6 23 28

6152 Inland & Coastal Waters Fishery Workers 10 6 28 28

6153 Deep-Sea Fishery Workers 10 6 28 28

6154 Hunters & Trappers 10 6 06 28

6160 "Farmer," not further specified 10 6 28 30

6200 Subsistence Agricultural & Fishery Workers 11 6 38 16

6210 Subsistence Agricultural & Fishery Worker 11 6 38 16

7000 Craft etc Trades Workers 8 4 38 34

7100 Extraction & Building Trades Workers 9 5 34 31

7110 Miners, Shotfirers, Stone Cutters & Carvers 9 5 34 50

7111 Miners & Quarry Workers 9 5 34 30

7112 Shotfirers & Blasters 9 5 36 30

7113 Stone Splitters Cutters & Carvers 9 5 34 27

7120 Building Frame etc Trades Workers 8 4 34 30

7121 Builders Traditional Materials 9 5 36 29

7122 Bricklayers & Stonemasons 9 5 34 29

7123 Concrete Placers Concrete Finishers etc Workers 9 5 34 26

7124 Carpenters & Joiners 8 4 37 29

7129 Building Frame etc Trades Workers nec 8 4 28 30

7130 Building Finishers etc Trades Workers 8 4 37 34

7131 Roofers 9 5 31 19

7132 Floor Layers & Tile Setters 8 4 31 30

7133 Plasterers 8 4 31 31

7134 Insulation Workers 8 4 28 34

7135 Glaziers 9 4 26 26

7136 Plumbers & Pipe Fitters 8 4 34 33

7137 Building etc Electricians 8 4 44 37

7140 Painters, Building Structure Cleaners etc Traders Workers 8 4 31 29

7141 Painters etc Workers 8 4 31 29

7142 Varnishers etc Painters 9 5 29 32

7143 Building Structure Cleaners 9 5 20 29

7200 Metal, Machinery etc Trades Workers 8 4 40 34

7210 Metal Moulders, Welders, Sheetmetal Workers Structural Metal 8 4 38 31

7211 Metal Moulders & Coremakers 8 4 38 29

7212 Welders & Flamecutters 8 4 39 30

7213 Sheet-Metal Workers 8 4 39 33

7214 Structural-Metal Preparers & Erectors 8 4 44 30

7215 Riggers & Cable Splicers 8 4 32 30

7216 Underwater Workers 8 4 26 30

7220 Blacksmiths, Tool-Makers etc Trades Workers 8 4 37 35

7221 Blacksmiths Hammer-Smiths & Forgingpress Workers 8 4 35 33

7222 Tool-Makers etc Workers 8 4 40 40

7223 Machine-Tool Setters & Setter-Operators 8 4 38 34

7224 Metal Wheel-Grinders Polishers & Tool Sharpeners 8 4 27 24

7230 Machinery Mechanics & Fitters 8 4 43 34

7231 Motor Vehicle Mechanics & Fitters 8 4 43 34

7232 Aircraft Engine Mechanics & Fitters 8 4 50 42

* 7233 Agricultural- or Industrial-Machinery Mechanics & Fitters 8 4 42 33

* 7234 Oilers and Greasers 9 5 20 23

7240 Electrical & Electronic Equipment Mechanics & Fitters 8 4 38 40

7241 Electrical Mechanics & Fitters 8 4 38 40

7242 Electronics Fitters 8 4 48 39

7243 Electronics Mechanics & Servicers 8 4 42 41

7244 Telegraph & Telephone Installers & Servlcers 8 4 35 40

7245 Electrical Line Installers Repairers & Cable Jolnters 8 4 36 38

7300 Precision, Handicraft, Printing etc Trades Workers 8 4 39 34

7310 Precision Workers in Metal etc Materials 8 4 45 38

7311 Precision-Instrument Makers & Repairers 8 4 47 38

7312 Musical-Instrument Makers & Tuners 8 4 33 38

7313 Jewellery & Precious-Metal Workers 8 4 43 38

7320 Potters, Glass-Makers etc Trades Workers 9 5 28 28

7321 Abrasive Wheel Formers Poners etc Workers 9 5 25 27

7322 Glass-Makers Cutters Grinders & Finishers 9 5 37 29

7323 Glass Engravers & etchers 8 4 31 29

7324 Glass Ceramics etc Decorative Painters 8 4 31 29

7330 Handicraft Workers in Wood,textile, Leather etc 9 5 31 29

7331 Handicraft Workers in Wood etc Materials 9 5 31 29

7332 Handicraft Workers in Textile Leather etc Materials 9 5 21 29

7340 Printing etc Trades Workers 8 4 42 40

7341 Compositors Typesetters etc Workers 8 4 42 40

7342 Stereotypers & Electrotypers 8 4 41 40

7343 Printing Engravers & etchers 8 4 41 42

7344 Photographic etc Workers 8 4 42 40

7345 Bookbinders etc Workers 8 4 32 37

7346 Silk-Screen, Block & Textile Printers 8 4 52 38

7400 Other Craft etc Trades Workers 8 4 33 33

7410 Food Processing etc Trades Workers 8 4 28 30

7411 Butchers Fishmongers etc Food Preparers 8 4 24 30

7412 Bakers Pastry-Cooks & Confectionery Make Rs 8 4 33 31

7413 Dairy-Products Makers 8 4 34 30

7414 Fruit, Vegetable etc Preservers 8 4 35 30

7415 Food & Beverage Tasters & Graders 8 4 34 30

7416 Tobacco Preparers & Tobacco Products Makers 8 4 34 30

7420 Wood Treaters, Cabinet-Makers etc Trades Workers 8 4 29 33

7421 Wood Treaters 9 5 29 33

7422 Cabinet-Makers etc Workers 8 4 40 33

7423 Woodworking-Machine Setters & Setteroperators 8 4 36 33

7424 Basketry Weavers Brush Makers etc Workers 9 5 21 33

7430 Textile, Garment etc Trades Workers 8 4 34 36

7431 Fibre Preparers 9 5 29 29

7432 Weavers Knitters etc Workers 9 5 32 29

7433 Tailors Dressmakers & Hatters 8 4 40 45

7434 Furriers etc Workers 8 4 35 36

7435 Textile Leather etc Pattern-Makers & Cutters 8 4 40 36

7436 Sewers Embroiderers etc Workers 8 4 26 33

7437 Upholsterers etc Workers 8 4 31 28

7440 Pelt, Leather & Shoemaking Trades Workersq 8 4 27 31

7441 Pelt Dressers Tanners & Fellmongers 8 4 22 31

7442 Shoe-Makers etc Workers 8 4 27 31

* 7500 [Generic Skilled Manual Worker] 8 4 48 42

* 7510 [Non Farm Foremen Nfs] 7 4 46 42

* 7520 [Skilled Manual] 8 4 46 38

* 7530 [Apprentice] 9 5 37 26

8000 Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers 9 5 34 31

8100 Stationary-Plant etc Operators 9 5 36 30

8110 Mining- & Mineral-Processing Plant Operators 9 5 31 35

8111 Mining-Plant Operators 9 5 34 35

8112 Mineral-Ore- & Stone-Processing-Plant Operators 9 5 32 35

8113 Well Drillers & Borers etc Workers 9 5 31 35

8120 Metal-Processing-Plant Operators 9 5 40 30

8121 Ore & Metal Furnace Operators 9 5 45 31

8122 Metal Melters Casters & Rolling-Mill Operators 9 5 36 30

8123 Metal-Heat-Treating-Plant Operators 9 5 38 28

8124 Metal Drawers & Extruders 9 5 28 30

8130 Glass, Ceramics etc Plant Operators 9 5 31 22

8131 Glass & Ceramics Kiln etc Machine Operators 9 5 31 22

8139 Glass, Ceramics etc Plant Operators nec 9 5 31 22

8140 Wood-Processing- & Papermaking-Plant Operators 9 5 28 27

8141 Wood-Processing-Plant Operators 9 5 29 27

8142 Paper-Pulp Plant Operators 9 5 28 27

8143 Papermaking-Plant Operators 9 5 28 27

8150 Chemical-Processing-Plant Operators 8 4 42 35

8151 Crushlng- Grinding- & Chemical-Mixing Machinery Operat 8 4 43 35

8152 Chemical-Heat-Treating-Plant Operators 8 4 43 35

8153 Chemical-Filtering- & Separating-Equipment Operators 8 4 43 35

8154 Chemical-Still & Reactor Operators 8 4 43 35

8155 Petroleum- & Natural-Gas-Refining-Plant Operators 8 4 37 35

8159 Chemical-Processing-Plant Operators nec 8 4 43 35

8160 Power-Production etc Plant Operators 8 4 38 32

8161 Power-Production Plant Operators 8 4 42 33

8162 Steam-Engine & Boiler Operators 8 4 35 27

8163 Incinerator Water-Treatment etc Plant Operators 8 4 34 33

8170 Automated-Assembly-Line & Industrial-Robot Operators 8 4 30 26

8171 Automated-Assembly- Line Operators 8 4 30 26

8172 Industrial-Robot Operators 8 4 30 26

8200 Machine Operators & Assemblers 9 5 34 32

8210 Metal- & Mineral-Products Machine Operators 9 5 37 36

8211 Machine-Tool Operators 9 5 38 36

8212 Cement & Other Mineral Products Machine Operators 9 5 30 30

8220 Chemical-Products Machine Operators 9 5 43 30

8221 Pharmaceutical- & Toiletry-Products Machine Operators 9 5 43 30

8222 Ammunition- & Explosive-Products Machine Operators 9 5 43 30

8223 Metal Finishing- Plating- & Coating-Machine Operators 9 5 28 30

8224 Photographic-Products Machine Operators 9 5 43 30

8229 Chemical-Products Machine Operators nec 9 5 43 30

8230 Rubber- & Plastic-Products Machine Operators 9 5 30 30

8231 Rubber-Products Machine Operators 9 5 30 30

8232 Plastic-Products Machine Operators 9 5 30 30

8240 Wood-Products Machine Operators 9 5 31 29

8250 Printing-, Binding- & Paper-Products Machine Operators 9 4 41 38

8251 Printing-Machine Operators 9 5 41 38

8252 Bookbinding-Machine Operators 9 5 32 38

8253 Paper-Products Machine Operators 9 5 28 38

8260 Textile-, Fur- & Leather-Products Machine Operators 9 5 28 30

8261 Fibre-Preparing-, Spinning- & Windingmachine Operators 9 5 29 29

8262 Weaving- & Knitting-Machine Operators 9 5 29 29

8263 Sewing-Machine Operators 9 5 25 32

8264 Bleaching- Dyeing- & Cleaning-Machine Operators 9 5 25 24

8265 Fur- & Leather-Preparing-Machine Operators 9 5 26 32

8266 Shoemaking- etc Machine Operators 9 5 28 32

8269 Textile- Fur- & Leather-Products Machine Operators nec 9 5 26 32

8270 Food etc Products Machine Operators 9 5 33 29

8271 Meat- & Fish-Processlng-Machine Operators 9 5 31 29

8272 Dairy-Products Machine Operators 9 5 34 29

8273 Grain- & Spice-Rnilling-Machine Operators 9 5 33 29

8274 Baked-Goods Cereal & Chocolate-Products Machine Operators 9 5 33 29

8275 Fruit- Vegetable- & Nut-Processing-Machine Operators 9 5 35 29

8276 Sugar Production Machine Operators 9 5 45 29

8277 Tea- Coffee- & Cocoa-Processing-Machine Operators 9 5 34 29

8278 Brewers- Wine & Other Beverage Machine Operators 9 5 34 29

8279 Tobacco Production Machine Operators 9 5 39 29

8280 Assemblers 9 5 33 31

8281 Mechanical-Machinery Assemblers 9 5 30 30

8282 Electrical-Equipment Assemblers 9 5 48 34

8283 Electronic-Equipment Assemblers 9 5 48 34

8284 Metal- Rubber- & Plastic-Products Assemblers 9 5 30 30

8285 Wood etc Products Assemblers 9 5 31 30

8286 Paperboard Textile etc Products Assemblers 9 5 28 30

8290 Other Machine Operators & Assemblers 9 5 33 26

8300 Drivers & Mobile-Plant Operators 9 5 33 32

8310 Locomotive-Engine Drivers etc Workers 9 5 36 36

8311 Locomotive-Engine Drivers 8 4 43 41

8312 Railway Brakers Signallers & Shunters 9 5 29 32

8320 Motor-Vehicle Drivers 9 5 32 34

8321 Motor-Cycle Drivers 9 5 31 30

8322 Car Taxi & Van Drivers 9 5 31 30

8323 Bus & Tram Drivers 9 5 32 30

8324 Heavy Truck & Lorry Drivers 9 5 33 34

8330 Agricultural & Other Mobileplant Operators 9 5 32 26

8331 Motorised Farm & Forestry Plant Operators 10 6 31 26

8332 Earth-Moving- etc Plant Operators 8 4 32 26

8333 Crane Hoist etc Plant Operators 8 4 33 28

8334 Lifting-Truck Operators 9 5 28 28

8340 Ships Deck Crews etc Workers 9 5 29 32

* 8400 [Semi-skilled Worker] 9 5 33 24

9000 Elementary Occupations 9 5 21 20

9100 Sales & Services Elementary Occupations 3 2 23 25

9110 Street Vendors etc Workers 3 2 25 29

9111 Street Food Vendors 3 2 24 29

9112 Street Vendors Non-Food Products 3 2 24 28

9113 Door-To-Door & Telephone Salespersons 3 2 26 29

9120 Street Services Elementary Occupations 9 5 12 28

9130 Domestic etc Helpers Cleaners & Launderers 9 5 21 16

9131 Domestic Helpers & Cleaners 9 5 22 16

9132 Helpers & Cleaners in Establishments 9 5 21 16

9133 Hand-Launderers & Pressers 9 5 22 16

9140 Building Caretakers, Window etc Cleaners 9 5 23 23

9141 Building Caretakers 9 5 25 23

9142 Vehicle, Window etc Cleaners 9 5 19 23

9150 Messengers, Porters, Doorkeepers etc Workers 9 5 20 27

9151 Messengers Package & Luggage Porters & Deliverers 9 5 22 25

9152 Doorkeepers Watchpersons etc Workers 9 5 20 27

9153 Vending-Machine Money Collectors Meter Readers etc Workers 9 5 21 27

9160 Garbage Collectors etc Labourers 9 5 13 23

9161 Garbage Collectors 9 5 13 23

9162 Sweepers etc Labourers 9 5 13 23

9200 Agricultural, Fishery etc Labourers 9 5 23 16

9210 Agricultural, Fishery etc Labourers 10 6 23 16

9211 Farm-Hands & Labourers 10 6 23 16

9212 Forestry Labourers 10 6 18 16

9213 Fishery Hunting & Trapping Labourers 10 6 23 16

9300 Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing & Transport 9 5 18 23

9310 Mining & Construction Labourers 9 5 16 21

9311 Mining & Quarrying Labourers 9 5 18 21

9312 Construction & Maintenance Labourers: Roads Dams etc 9 5 15 21

9313 Building Construction Labourers 9 5 15 21

9320 Manufacturing Labourers 9 5 19 20

9321 Assembling Labourers 9 5 18 20

9322 Hand Packers & Other Manufacturing Labourers 9 5 22 24

9330 Transport Labourers & Freight Handlers 9 5 20 29

9331 Hand or Pedal Vehicle Drivers 9 5 17 22

9332 Drivers of Animal-Drawn Vehicles & Machinery 9 5 22 22

9333 Freight Handlers 9 5 20 30

Rationale for including specific additional categories

General convention. Trailing zeros are added to all ISCO codes. For example, "131 GENERAL MANAGERS" becomes "1310 GENERAL MANAGERS". This makes it possible to use the higher level codes in cases where there is not sufficient information to use the four digit codes. For example, "general manager" not further specified is coded 1310, whereas a general manager in an industry not included in 1311 through 1318 is coded 1319. This convention makes it necessary to change four digit codes ending in zero to end in one in cases where we have added codes under the same minor (three digit) group (see below). We have marked the trailing zeros by underlining them in cases where we have introduced new minor groups.

Legislators

Unaccountably, ISCO includes ministers, which are CEO's of ministries and hence, to our mind, administrators, with legislators. In order to conform to ISCO but also to distinguish ministers, etc., from legislators, we have added a category, 1112, and have changed 1110 to 1111.

1111 Legislators [Members of parliament go here]

1112 Ministers (president, vice president, prime minister, deputy prime ministers, ministers, members of the presidential council, members of the council of ministers)

State administrators

ISCO 1988 does not do a good job of distinguishing between higher and middle level administrators, and between national and local administrators. For these reasons we propose the following modifications to ISCO 1988. Note that we have specified a distinction between nomenklatura and non-nomenklatura positions during the Communist period, and between corresponding high and middle level positions during the non-Communist period. Our additions, 1122 through 1125, require changing 1120 to 1121.

1121 Senior government officials (not further specified)

1122 Communist period. Senior government officials in ministries and other central government organizations, nomenklatura positions (secretaries of state, deputy ministers, heads of divisions, leaders and deputies of state agencies such as banks, media and postal services, ambassadors, leaders of commercial and cultural organizations)

Non-Communist period. Senior government officials in ministries and other central government organizations (secretaries of state, administrative secretaries of state, deputy secretaries of state, ministers, heads of divisions, leaders, presidents and vice presidents of national agencies, ambassadors, leaders of commercial and cultural organizations)

Heads of national organizations selected by parliament (ministers, members of the constitutional court, presidents and directors of central finance and property agencies, etc.)

1123 Communist period. Senior government officials in ministries and other central government organizations, non-nomenklatura positions (heads of departments and other central government officials)

Non-Communist period. Other government officials in ministries and central government organizations (heads of departments and other officials)

1124 Communist period. Government officials in municipal and county organizations, nomenklatura positions (presidents, vice presidents, executive secretaries)

Non-Communist period. Senior government officials in municipal and county organizations (presidents and vice presidents of county councils, county office managers, mayors, regional representatives)

1125 Communist period. Government officials in municipal and county organizations, non-nomenklatura positions (other local officials)

Non-Communist period. Government officials in municipal and county organizations (other local officials)

Party officials

The ISCO does not capture at all well important distinctions which existed between high-level positions within the Communist party. Without modification, the ISCO includes three categories into which former Communist party officials could fall:

1141 Senior officials of political-party organizations

1142 Senior officials of employers', workers' and other economic interest organizations

1143 Senior officials of humanitarian and other special-interest organizations

We propose using these categories to classify administrators of party, trade union and special interest organizations apart from Communist Party officials during the period of Communist rule, when such officials had a special, quasi-governmental status. Communist Party officials during the period of Communist rule should be classified using the categories under 1150 and 1160. Communist Party officials during the period of non-Communist rule should be classified using the categories under 1140 (above).

1150 Communist Party officials

1151 Central Committee members, including Politburo

1152 Central Committee apparatus, nomenklatura positions (secretaries, heads of departments, deputy heads of departments, departmental division heads)

1153 Central Committee apparatus, non-nomenklatura positions (other officials within Central Committee apparatus)

1154 Local party officials, nomenklatura positions (first secretaries, secretaries, heads of departments)

1155 Local party officials, non-nomenklatura positions (other local party officials)

1156 Party officials in economic enterprises - nomenklatura positions (secretaries of party committees of large firms)

1157 Party officials in economic enterprises - non-nomenklatura positions (other party officials)

1158 Party officials in non-economic party enterprises - nomenklatura positions (rectors and heads of departments at party schools, directors of party publishing companies, etc.)

1159 Party officials in non-economic party enterprises - non-nomenklatura positions (other party officials in such organizations)

1160 Administrators of mass party organizations

1161 Trade union officials, nomenklatura positions (presidents, vice presidents, secretary generals, secretaries and heads of departments of national trade union councils; presidents, vice presidents, secretary generals and secretaries of branch trade unions)

1162 Trade union officials, non-nomenklatura positions (all other trade union officials)

1163 Youth organization officials, nomenklatura positions (members of the central committees of youth organizations, secretaries, heads of departments)

1164 Youth organization officials, non-nomenklatura positions (all other youth organization officials)

1165 Administrators of other Communist mass organizations, nomenklatura positions (presidents, vice presidents, secretary general, secretaries)

1166 Administrators of other Communist mass organizations, non-nomenklatura positions (all other mass organization officials)

Directors and chief executives

ISCO 1988 does not distinguish between deputy administrators such as the chief accountants and chief engineers who played important administrative roles during the Communist period. Therefore we propose to add category 1212 under 1210; this requires changing 1210 to 1211:

1211 Directors and chief executives (ceo's)

1212 Deputy directors, chief engineers and chief accountants

Culture, science and mass communication

During the Communist period, a number of nomenklatura positions existed within the scientific, cultural and mass media fields. In the ISCO, these positions would be included in various professional categories, which would fail to capture their crucial status as nomenklatura positions. To capture this distinction, we propose the addition of a new minor group and several unit groups:

2010 Scientific, cultural and media nomenklatura

2011 Media nomenklatura (chief editors, deputy editors and foreign correspondents of national dailies; chief editors of county dailies; presidents, vice presidents, chief editors, heads of departments, and foreign correspondents of national radio, television and news agency; chief editors of weekly and monthly magazines; directors of newspaper publishing companies and other publishing houses

2012 Scientific and cultural nomenklatura (members of the Academies of Sciences; directors of social and natural science institutes; rectors, deputy rectors and college presidents; directors of national cultural institutions)

Other modifications

On the basis of experience at coding narrative job descriptions into the 1988 ISCO, we have added a few code categories in cases for which we felt the ISCO categories to be inadequate.

We distinguish among three kinds of secondary teachers (secondary teachers not further specified [nfs] are coded 2320):

2321 Secondary teachers, academic track

2322 Secondary teachers, vocational track

2323 Middle school teachers

We distinguish three kinds of supervisors (in these cases rejecting the ISCO principle of coding supervisors with those they supervise):

1240 Office managers

6100 Farm foremen and supervisors

7510 Non-farm manual foremen and supervisors (nsf)

We provide codes for some very broad categories, which sometimes appear in respondents' self-descriptions:

1320 "Businessman"/"Trader"/"Entrepreneur", not further specified [used only in Czech Republic and Slovakia, since added after general coding specifications were distributed]

7520 Skilled worker/artisan (nfs)

7530 Apprentices (nfs)

8400 Semi-skilled worker (nfs)

We incorporate military personnel into the main classification, grouping each level of personnel with corresponding non-military personnel:

1250 Military officers (nfs)

1251 High military officers (captains and above)

1252 Lower grade commissioned officers (army lieutenants, etc.)

3452 Non-commissioned officers (army corporals, sergeants, etc.) [this requires changing 3450 (Police inspectors and detectives) to 3451]

5164 Enlisted men and soldiers/armed forces personnel nfs

We distinguish "Oilers and greasers" from other mechanics and fitters, on the ground that oilers and greasers are much less skilled, by adding a category:

7234 Oilers and greasers

In a few instances, we have modified the titles, to clarify them. Here are our modifications:

1200 CORPORATE MANAGERS [LARGE ENTERPRISES]

1210 DIRECTORS & CHIEF EXECUTIVES [LARGE ENTERPRISES]

1220 PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS DEPT. MANAGERS [LARGE ENTERPRISES]

1230 OTHER DEPARTMENT MANAGERS [LARGE ENTERPRISES]

1300 GENERAL MANAGERS [SMALL ENTERPRISE MANAGERS]

1310 GENERAL MANAGERS [SMALL ENTERPRISE MANAGERS]

3413 [Real] estate agents

7233 Industrial- or agricultural-machinery mechanics and fitters

1. The Hungarian data were first coded into the 19xx version of FEOR, the occupational classification used by the Hungarian Statistical Office, which is very similar to the ISCO. The FEOR classification was then converted into the ISCO classification. To ensure the accuracy of the conversion, it was carried out independently by Eva Fodor and Ivan Szelenyi, working as a team, and by Peter Robert. Discrepancies were noted and resolved by Donald Treiman.

2. In the Czech Republic and Poland occupations were initially coded into versions of ISCO enhanced to encompass local distinctions. These codes were then collapsed to the (enhanced) international categories before the data were sent to UCLA.

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