Social Stratification in Eastern Europe After 1989:
General Population Survey

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Questionnaires     Data     Codebook

CODEBOOK

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VARIABLES IN QUESTIONNAIRE

COVER SHEET INFORMATION

SURVEY                                   Sample interviewed
 

COUNTRY                                Country in which survey conducted and sample specification

RESPID1                                   Respondent identification number in the survey

RESPID2                                  Respondent identification number in sequence

[Note: At present only limited information is available about the following three variables. The codebook will be updated after additional information is received and information will be sent to each country team.]

REGION                                    Region of the country in which the respondent lives

DISTRICT                                 District (small area) in which the respondent lives

CITY                                        City, town, or village in which the respondent lives

LANGUAGE                            Language in which the interview was conducted

INTCODE                                 Interviewer identification number

LENGTH                                   Length of interview

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A. HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION/OTHER CHILDREN

REL__                                      a. What relationship is he/she to you?

SEX__                                      b. Record sex of person.

BIRTH__                                  c. In what year was he/she born?

EDUC__                                  d. If not a child of the respondent, go to A3. If a child of the respondent, ask: What is                                                       his/her highest level of education? 

INSCH__                                 e. Is he/she still in school?

SEX                                          Sex of respondent.
BIRTH                                      Year respondent was born.

REL01                                      Relation of person 1 in household to respondent.
to
REL14                                      Relation of person 14 in household to respondent.

SEX01                                     Sex of person 1.
to
SEX14                                     Sex of person 14.

BIRTH01                                 Year person 1 was born.
to
BIRTH14                                 Year person 14 was born.

If person is a child of the respondent
EDUC01                                  Highest level of education of person 1
to
EDUC14                                  Highest level of education of person 14

If person is a child of the respondent
INSCH01                                Person 1 still in school?
to
INSCH14                                Person 14 still in school?


OTCHILD                               A4. Do you or did you have any other children who do not live with you now? Please                                                        count both natural children and step-children you cared for when they were growing                                                        up.

                                                  1 Yes
                                                  2 No
                                                -2 Blank when response expected
                                                -7 Don't know
                                                -8 Refused

OSEX__                                    a. Is that a son or a daughter?

OBIRTH__                               b. In what year was he/she born?

OEDUC__                                c. What is his/her highest level of education?

OINSCH__                              d. Is he/she still in school?

OSEX01                                  Sex of other child 1.
to
OSEX10                                  Sex of other child 10.

OBIRTH01                              Year other child 1 was born.
to
OBIRTH10                              Year other child 10 was born.

OEDUC01                               Highest education of other child 1.
to
OEDUC10                               Highest education of other child 10.

OINSCH01                             Other child 1 still in school?
to
OINSCH10                             Other child 10 still in school?

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B. GETTING AHEAD

RICH88                                    B1a Coming from a wealthy family: 1988?
RICH93                                    B1b Coming from a wealthy family: now?

EDUC88                                  B2a Having a good education: 1988?
EDUC93                                  B2b Having a good education: now?

AMBIT88                                B3a Having ambition: 1988?
AMBIT93                                B3b Having ambition: now?

WORK88                                B4a Hard work: 1988?
WORK93                                B4b Hard work: now?

NET88                                    B5a Knowing the right people: 1988?
NET93                                    B5b Knowing the right people: now?

POL88                                    B6a Having political connections: 1988?
POL93                                    B6b Having political connections: now?

RISK88                                  B7a Willingness to take a risk: 1988?
RISK93                                  B7b Willingness to take a risk: now?

[Note: Six additional questions on what is important to get ahead were asked only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.]


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C. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY

START__                                 a When did you first go to school--in what year?

TYPS__                                    b What kind of school was it?

DAYS__                                   c Was it a regular, evening or correspondence school?

ENDS__                                   d In what year did you stop going to this school?

CLASS__                                 e What class or grade level did you complete?

COMP__                                    Was the course of study completed?

MAJOR__                                 f (Ask only for secondary and tertiary institutions:) What was your major or specialization?
TER__                                       g (Ask only for tertiary institutions:) What is the name and location of this                                                       school/institution?

                                                  C2 Now, what about the next school you attended?

                                                  Repeat a through g, until all schools have been recorded.

START__                                  Codes for year started spell

TYPS__                                    Codes for kind of school - See Appendix B.

DAYS__                                   Codes for type of school

ENDS__                                   Codes for year finished spell
                                                  [Last two digits of year.]

   
                                                  99 Still in school
                                                  -1 Skipped (no school on line)
                                                  -2 Blank when response expected
                                                  -3 Wild code
                                                  -7 Don't know
                                                  -8 Refused

CLASS__                                  Codes for class or grade level completed

COMP__                                   Codes for whether course of study completed [question added by country teams--see                                                    above]

MAJOR__                                 Codes for major or specialization

TER__                                      Codes for name of tertiary institution

START01                                  C1a Year respondent started school 1.
to
START12                                  C12a Year respondent started school 12.

TYPS01                                    C1b What kind of school was school 1?
to
TYPS12                                    C12b What kind of school was school 12?

DAYS01                                   C1c Was school 1 a regular, evening, or correspondence school?
to
DAYS12                                   C12c Was school 12 a regular, evening, or correspondence school?

ENDS01                                   C1d Year respondent finished school 1.
to
ENDS12                                   C12d Year respondent finished school 12.

CLASS01                                 C1e Class respondent finished in school 1.
to
CLASS12                                 C12e Class respondent finished in school 12.

COMP01                                  Did respondent complete course of study in school 1?
to
COMP12                                  Did respondent complete course of study in school 12?

MAJOR02                                C2f Respondent's major or specialization in school 2.
to
MAJOR12                                C12f Respondent's major or specialization in school 12.

TER03                                      C3g Name of school 3, if tertiary institution.
to
TER12                                      C12g Name of school 12, if tertiary institution.

[Note: Three additional questions on political interventions in educational careers were asked only in the Czech Repubic and Slovakia.]

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D. ACTIVITY HISTORY

ACT__                                      a Were you working, in the military, keeping house, or what? [Show Card B--see                                                      Appendix A.]

YEAR__                                    b What year was that?

MONTH__                               c Do you remember the month? If the respondent says no or has difficulty remembering                                                          the month, ask: Well, do you remember the season? Was it winter, spring, summer,                                                          or fall?

OCC__                                     d What kind of work did you do? Please tell me your job title and also what your                                                           main duties and responsibilities were.

IND__                                      e In what branch of industry was the firm or organization you worked for? Which of                                                          these categories fits best? [Show Card C--see Appendix A.]

ORG__                                     f What type of firm or organization was it? Which of these categories fits best?                                                          [Show  Card D--see Appendix A.]

SE__                                        g Were you self-employed?

SUB__                                     h Did you supervise anyone? If yes, ask: Fewer than 10 people, or at least 10?

FULL__                                   i Did you work full time or part time?

LOC__                                    j In what city or town did you work?

ACT01                                      D1a Respondent's 1st activity after leaving school
to
ACT18                                      D18a Respondent's 18th activity after leaving school

YEAR01                                   D1b Year respondent started activity 1.
to
YEAR18                                   D18b Year respondent started activity 18.

MONTH01                              D1c Month respondent started activity 1.
to
MONTH18                              D18c Month respondent started activity 18.

If working:

OCC01                                    D1d Occupation 1.
to
OCC18                                    D18d Occupation 18.

IND01                                     D1e Branch of industry 1.
to
IND18                                     D18e Branch of industry 18.

ORG01                                   D1f Type of organization 1.
to
ORG18                                   D18f Type of organization 18.

SE01                                       D1g Was respondent self-employed in occupation 1?
to
SE18                                       D18g Was respondent self-employed in occupation 18?

SUB01                                    D1h Number of supervisees in occupation 1.
to
SUB18                                    D18h Number of supervisees in occupation 18.

FULL01                                  D1i Was respondent working full- or part-time in occupation 1?
to
FULL18                                  D18i Was respondent working full- or part-time in occupation 18?

LOC01                                    D1j Location of occupation 1.
to
LOC18                                     D18j Location of occupation 18.

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E. SELF-EMPLOYMENT

LNUM__                                a Record line on the "Activity History" that identifies the business or farm you are asking                                                         about.

EMP__                                   b How many paid employees did you have? Count as paid employees family members                                                   who worked for regular pay.

FAMEM__                             c How many family members helped out <without regular pay>?

PER__                                    d What percentage of this <business/farm> did you own?

WORTH__                             e If business: How much do you think your share in that business was worth, in today's                                                   <local currency>? Just give your best guess.

                                               [In Poland, amounts are given in thousands of zlotys.]

FARM__                                f If farm: How large was your farm? Record number of <hectares/local units>.

                                               E2 If respondent listed more than one spell of self-employment from 1988 until now, ask: You                                                mentioned another <business/farm>. Please tell me about this <business/farm>.

                                              Repeat a through f, as necessary.

                                              Space is provided for 9 activities. The number of paid employees, the number of helping family                                               members, the percentage of business owned, the monetary worth of portion owned and the size                                               of the farm are recorded. All variables are coded in the units specified. Missing data codes are                                               as specified just below.

                                              Activity History line number


                                              [Line number in activity history]

LNUM1                                     E1a Line in Activity History Roster identifying business 1.
to
LNUM9                                     E9a Line in Activity History Roster identifying business 9.

EMP1                                         E1b Number of paid employees in business 1.
to
EMP9                                         E9b Number of paid employees in business 9.

FAMEM1                                  E1c Number of family members helping out in business 1 without regular pay.
to
FAMEM9                                  E9c Number of family members helping out in business 9 without regular pay.

PERC1                                       E1d Percentage of business 1 owned by respondent.
to
PERC9                                       E9d Percentage of business 9 owned by respondent.

WORTH1                                  E1e Value of respondent's share of business 1.
to
WORTH9                                  E9e Value of respondent's share of business 9.

FARM1                                     E1f If farm, size of farm.
to
FARM9                                     E9f If farm, size of farm.


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F. POLITICAL DIFFICULTIES

FIRED                                       F1a Were you ever fired from a job for political reasons, because of your                                                          ethnicity/nationality, religion or religious practice, or because of your gender?

FIREYR                                    F1b What year was this? If respondent says it happened more than once, say: Tell me                                                          about the most important time.

                                                         [Last two digits of year.]

FIRENUM                                  F1c Which one was it, of the jobs you've told me about? Record line in the "Activity                                                           History" table corresponding to the job mentioned. Probe as necessary to identify the                                                           correct line.

WHYFIRE                                   F1d Were you fired for political reasons, because of your ethnicity/nationality,                                                                  religion  or religious practice, or because of your sex? If respondent gives more                                                                  than one reason, ask for the main one.

FIREMORE                               F1e Briefly describe the circumstances.

JAILED                                     F2a Were you ever imprisoned, sent to a labor or concentration camp, or forcibly                                                          relocated or exiled for political reasons, because of your ethnicity/ nationality, or                                                          because of your religion or religous practice?

JAILYR                                      F2b What year was this? If respondent says that it happened more than once, say: Tell                                                                me about the most important time.

JAILNUM                                  F2c Have you told me about this on the activity history? If so, which event was it?                                                           Interviewer: Record line in the "Activity History" table corresponding to the event                                                           mentioned. Probe as necessary to identify the correct line.

                                                  [Line on "Activity History"]

WHYJAIL                                  F2d Was this for political reasons, because of your ethnicity/nationality or because                                                                of   your religion or religious beliefs?

JAILMORE                                F2e Briefly describe the circumstances.

[Note: Four questions on political difficulties of respondent's parents were asked only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.]


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G. PART-TIME ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

EVERFARM                             G1 In your adult life, have you ever engaged in part-time agriculture--tending a                                                              family  plot or something similar?

FARM88                                   a Were you engaged in part-time agriculture then?

FINC88                                     b What fraction of your family income came from the sale of your <your family's>                                                      agricultural products--crops and animals? Which of these categories fits best? [Show                                                      Card E--see Appendix A.]

FFOOD88                                 c What fraction of the food consumed by your family did you <your family>                                                            produce  yourself? [Show Card E--see Appendix A.]

FARM92                                   G3 Now, how about in 1992? Repeat a through c.

FARM92                                   G3a Engaged in part time agriculture in 1992?

FINC92                                    G3b Fraction of family income from the sale of agricultural products in 1992.

FFOOD92                                G3c Fraction of food consumed by the family in 1992 self-produced.

EVERBUS                                G4 Have you ever had a part-time or side business other than in agriculture?

BUS88                                      a Did you have a part-time or side business then?

TYPE88                                    b What kind of business was it? [Show Card F--see Appendix A.] If respondent says                                                      he/she had more than one side business, say: Please tell me about your main business.

EMP88                                      c How many paid employees did you have? Count as paid employees family                                                           members who worked for regular pay.

FAMEM88                                d How many family members helped out <without regular pay>?

PERC88                                    e What percentage of the business did you own?

INC88                                         f What fraction of your income came from this business? Which of these categories                                                            fits best? [Show Card E--see Appendix A.]

WORTH88                                g How much do you think your share in this business was worth, in today's <local                                                      currency>? Just give your best guess.

                                                    [Value of business]

BUS92                                      G6a Had part-time or side (non-agricultural) business in 1992?

TYPE92                                    G6b Kind of business in 1992.

EMP92                                     G6c Number of paid employees in 1992.

FAMEM92                               G6d Number of unpaid helping family members in 1992.

PERC92                                   G6e Percentage of business owned in 1992.

INC92                                      G6f Fraction of 1992 income from business.

WORTH92                               G6g Value of 1992 business in 1992 (expressed in units current at time of survey).

EVERSEC                                G7 Besides the things you have already told me about, have you ever had a second                                                             job or other source of income from work you did?   

SEC88                                      G8a Did you have a second income then?

SECOCC88                               b What sort of work were you doing? [Show Card G--see Appendix A.] Which                                                            category fits best? If respondent says he/she worked at more than one side job, say:                                                            Please tell me  about your main side job.

SECTYP88                                 c Who did you work for? The state or a local authority, private firm(s), private                                                        individual(s), or some combination of these?

SECINC88                                 d What fraction of your income did you earn from second jobs in that year? [Show                                                       Card E--see Appendix A.] Which category fits best?

SEC92                                      G9a Did you have second income in 1992?

SECOCC92                             G9b What sort of work were you doing in 1992?

SECTYP92                              G9c Who did you work for in 1992?

SECINC92                              G9d What fraction of your income did you earn from side jobs in 1992?

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H. HOUSEHOLD CHORES

HHWORK                               H1 On average, about how many hours a week do you spend on household chores                                                             such as child care, grocery shopping, cooking, cleaning, paying bills, and                                                             household or auto maintenance?

HHWORK88                            H2 Thinking back to the end of 1988, would you say you spend more time now than                                                              you did then, about the same, or less?

HHMORE                                  H3 Why do you spend more time on household chores now than you did then? Probe                                                               as necessary, using the response categories. If respondent gives more than one                                                               reason, ask  for the main reason.

HHLESS                                    H4 Why do you spend less time on household chores now than you did then? Probe                                                               as necessary, using the response categories. If respondent gives more than one                                                               reason, as  for the main reason.

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I. INCOME

Now I'd like to ask you about how much income you and the other members of your family had in the past year, and where it came from. In each case, please tell me the net amount, after deductions and taxes. If respondent prefers to report monthly income, this is acceptable. For each category, record in the Income Roster whether yearly or monthly income is reported. [Note: In the Russian questionnaire, the phrase "in the past year" is omitted.]

RMAIN                                    I1a How much did you get from your main job or business? [Russia: ...in the last                                                             month?]

MNTHYR1A                              Yearly or monthly?

[Note: Although all the Russian questions specified either "in the last year" or "in the last month" both the "year" and "month" categories were shown for each question, in a table. There is no ambiguity with respect to the questions referring to the last month, but for the questions referring to the last year (income from side jobs and income from other sources) a few respondents are shown as reporting by the month.]

RSIDE                                       I1b Did you get anything [Russia: in 1992] from any side or part time work or                                                              business, including part-time agriculture, odd jobs, etc? How much altogether?

MNTHYR1B                             Yearly or monthly?

RBENE                                     I1c Did you get anything [Russia: in the last month] from social benefits (child care                                                         allowance, retirement pension, unemployment compensation, disability benefits,                                                         etc.)? How much altogether?

MNTHYR1C                             Yearly or monthly?

ROTHER                                   I1d Did you get anything [Russia: in the last year] from any other source, including                                                          interest from savings accounts, stock dividends, alimony payment, money from                                                          relatives, etc.? How much?

MNTHYR1D                              Yearly or monthly?

SPMAIN                                    I2a Spouse's income from main job

MNTHYR2A                              Yearly or monthly?

SPSIDE                                     I2b Spouse's income from side job

MNTHYR2B                              Yearly or monthly?

SPBENE                                    I2c Spouse's income from social benefits

MNTHYR2C                              Yearly or monthly?

SPOTHER                                 I2d Spouse's income from other sources

MNTHYR2D                              Yearly or monthly?

ELSEINC                                   I3 Did anyone else in your household have an income last year?

HHINC                                     I4 Please tell me the total income received from all sources [Russia: in the last month]                                                            by  all the other members of your household except you and your spouse?

MNTHYR4                                Yearly or monthly?

HHINC88                                   I5 Compared with <name of country> families in general, would you say your                                                              family  income in 1988 was far below average, below average, average, about                                                              average, or  far above average?

HHINC93                                   What about now?

DECIL88                                    I6 In our society there are groups which tend to be towards the top and those that                                                              are towards the bottom. Here we have a scale that runs from top to bottom.                                                             [Show  Card P--see Appendix A.] Where would you have placed yourself on this                                                             scale in 1988?

DECIL93                                   Where would you place yourself now?

CHANGE I7                              Since 1988, has your financial situation gotten better, stayed the same, or gotten                                                   worse?

[Note: A corresponding question on standard of living was asked only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.]

HOURS                                    I8 How many hours did you work last week? Please tell me the number of hours you                                                      actually worked in all your full time and part time jobs or businesses, including family                                                      agriculture, but not including household chores.

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J. FATHER

DAD14                                      J1 Were you living with both your own mother and father around the time you were                                                       
                                                      14? If no, ask: With whom were you living around that time?

[Note: Questions J2 through J9 were asked about the natural father, except if the respondent answered "03" to J1, in which case these questions were asked about the stepfather.]


DADBIRTH                                J2 In what year was your <step>father born?

DADPLACE                              J3 How large was the place where <step>your father was born? [Show Card H--see                                                        Appendix A.] If the respondent says the size is different now from when his father was                                                        born, say: Please tell me how large it was when he was born.

DADEDUC                               J4 What was the highest level of schooling your <step>father completed?

DADACT__                              a What did your <step>father do when you were 14 years old? Was he working, in                                                           the military, retired, or what? [Show Card B--see Appendix A.] [Note: In the                                                           Russian questionnaire the second sentence was omitted.]

DADOCC__                            b What kind of work did he do? Please tell me his job title and also his main duties                                                          and  responsibilities.

DADIND__                             c What Branch of industry did he work in? [Show Card C--see Appendix A.]

DADSE__                                d Was he self-employed?

DADSUB__                             e How many people did he supervise? None, between one and nine, or 10 or more?

DADACT14                               J5a Father's activity when respondent age 14

DADACT48                               J6a Father's activity in 1948 [Russia: 1913]

DADACT52                               J7a Father's activity in 1952 [Russia: 1929]

DADACT63                               J8a Father's activity in 1963

DADACT73                               J9a Father's activity in 1973

DADOCC14                              J5b Father's occupation when respondent age 14 (ISCO code)

DADOCC48                              J6b Father's occupation in 1948 (ISCO code) [Russia: 1913]

DADOCC52                              J7b Father's occupation in 1952 (ISCO code) [Russia: 1929]

DADOCC63                              J8b Father's occupation in 1963 (ISCO code)

DADOCC73                              J9b Father's occupation in 1973 (ISCO code)

DADIND14                               J6C Father's industrial branch when respondent age 14

DADIND48                               J6c Father's industrial branch in 1948 [Russia: 1913]

DADIND52                               J7c Father's industrial branch in 1952 [Russia 1929]

DADIND63                               J8c Father's industrial branch in 1963

DADIND73                               J9c Father's industrial branch in 1973

DADSE14                                 J5d Father self-employed when respondent age 14

DADSE48                                 J6d Father self-employed in 1948? [Russia: 1913]

DADSE52                                 J7d Father self-employed in 1952? [Russia: 1929]

DADSE63                                 J8d Father self-employed in 1963?

DADSE73                                 J9d Father self-employed in 1973?

DADSUB14                              J5e Number of people father supervised when respondent age 14

DADSUB48                              J6e Number of people father supervised in 1948 [Russia: 1913]

DADSUB52                              J7e Number of people father supervised in 1952 [Russia: 1929]

DADSUB63                              J8e Number of people father supervised in 1963

DADSUB73                              J9e Number of people father supervised in 1973

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K. PARENTS' PROPERTY

EVERPROP                             K1 Did either of your parents ever own any property, such as land, a farm, a                                                              business,  or a house or apartment? Please include both property they owned                                                              together and   property either one of them brought to their marriage or, in the                                                              event of divorce or  widowhood, acquired after their marriage ended.

LAND48                                   K2a Did they own any land or farm then?

SIZE48                                      K2b How many <hectares/country-specific units> of land did they have?

HOLD48                                    K2c [Asked only if K2b not answered.] Were their holdings small, medium, or large?

BUSI48                                      K2d. Did either or your parents own a shop or business in 1948? If yes, ask: Was                                                                  this a  small or a large business?

HOUSE48                                  K2e Did your parents own a house or apartment in 1948?

CON48                                     K3 Was any of the property your parents owned in 1948 confiscated, nationalized,                                                              or collectivized?

LCON48                                  K4a Land or farm?

BCON48                                   K4b Business?

HCON48                                   K4c House or apartment?

CON38                                      K5 Now please think back to 1938. Did your parents lose any property between                                                              1938  and 1948 due to confiscation or wartime damage?

LCON38                                  K6a Land or farm?

BCON38                                  K6b Business?

HCON38                                  K6c House or apartment?

[Note: Fifteen additional questions on parents' property at various dates were asked only in Russia.]

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L. PATERNAL GRANDFATHER

PGEDUC                                 L1 Now I would like to ask you a few questions about your father's father. What was                                                           the  highest level of school he completed? Probe as necessary, using response                                                            categories.

PGOCC                                     L2 What did your paternal grandfather do for a living? If he did more than one                                                              thing,  please tell me what he did for the greatest part of his life. Please describe                                                             his work  in as much detail as you can.

PGPROP                                    L3 Did your paternal grandfather ever own any property, such as land, a farm, a                                                          business, or a house or apartment?

PGLND48                                 L4a Did he own any land or farm then?

PGSIZE48                                  L4b How many <hectares/country-specific units> of land did he have?

PGHOLD48                              L4c [Asked only if L4b not answered.] Well, were his holdings small, medium, or                                                               large?

PGBUSI48                                L4d Did he own a shop or business in 1948? If yes, ask: Was this a small or a large                                                          business?

PGHSE48                                  L4e Did he own a house or apartment in 1948?

PGCON48                                  L5 Was any of the property your grandfather owned in 1948 confiscated,                                                                nationalized, or collectivized?

PGLCON48                             L6a Land or farm?

PGBCON48                             L6b Business?

PGHCON48                              L6c House or apartment?

PGCON38                                 L7 Now please think back to 1938. Did your grandfather lose any property between                                                         1938 and 1948 due to confiscation or wartime damage?

PGLCON38                              L8a Land or farm?

PGBCON38                              L8b Business?

PGHCON38                             L8c House or apartment?

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M. MOTHER

Questions M1 through M8 were asked about the natural mother, except if the respondent answered "02" to J1, in which case these questions were asked about the stepmother.

MOMBIRTH                            M1 In what year was your <step>mother born?

[Four digits; responses were coded in two digits and recoded to four digits.]

MOMPLACE                             M2 How large was the place where <step>your mother was born? [Show Card                                                                H--see  Appendix A.] If the respondent says the size is different now from when his                                                                mother was born, say: Please tell me how large it was when she was born.

MOMEDUC                              M3 What was the highest level of schooling your <step>mother completed?

MOMACT__                            a What did your <step>mother do when you were 14 years old? Was she working, in                                                     the military, retired, or what? [Show Card B--see Appendix A.] [Note: In the Russian                                                     questionnaire the second sentence was omitted.]

MOMOCC__                           b What kind of work did she do? Please tell me her job title and also her main duties                                                      and responsibilities.

MOMIND__                             c What Branch of industry did she work in? [Show Card C--see Appendix A.]

MOMSE__                               d Was she self-employed?

MOMSUB__                            e How many people did she supervise? None, between one and nine, or 10 or more?

[Note: In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, questions a-e were also asked with respect to mother's activity in 1988.]

MOMACT14                             M4a Mother's activity when respondent age 14

MOMACT48                             M5a Mother's activity in 1948 [Russia: 1913]

MOMACT52                             M6a Mother's activity in 1952 [Russia: 1929]

MOMACT63                             M7a Mother's activity in 1963

MOMACT73                             M8a Mother's activity in 1973

MOMOCC14                            M4b Mother's occupation when respondent age 14 (ISCO code)

MOMOCC48                            M5b Mother's occupation in 1948 (ISCO code) [Russia: 1913]

MOMOCC52                            M6b Mother's occupation in 1952 (ISCO code) [Russia: 1929]

MOMOCC63                            M7b Mother's occupation in 1963 (ISCO code)

MOMOCC73                            M8b Mother's occupation in 1973 (ISCO code)

MOMIND14                             M4c Mother's industrial branch when respondent age 14

MOMIND48                             M5c Mother's industrial branch in 1948 [Russia: 1913]

MOMIND52                             M6c Mother's industrial branch in 1952 [Russia: 1929]

MOMIND63                             M7c Mother's industrial branch in 1963

MOMIND73                             M8c Mother's industrial branch in 1973

MOMSE14                               M4d Mother self-employed when respondent age 14?

MOMSE48                               M5d Mother self-employed in 1948? [Russia: 1913]

MOMSE52                               M6d Mother self-employed in 1952? [Russia: 1929]

MOMSE63                               M7d Mother self-employed in 1963?

MOMSE73                               M8d Mother self-employed in 1973?

MOMSUB14                           M4e Number of people mother supervised when respondent age 14

MOMSUB48                           M5e Number of people mother supervised in 1948 [Russia: 1913]

MOMSUB52                           M6e Number of people mother supervised in 1952 [Russia: 1929]

MOMSUB63                           M7e Number of people mother supervised in 1963

MOMSUB73                           M8e Number of people mother supervised in 1973

SIBLING                                 M9 How many brothers and sisters did or do you have altogether? Count those who                                                       have died as well as those still living, but do not count any who died in infancy, i.e.                                                       under age 2. Count step-brothers and step-sisters if you live with them when you                                                       were age 14.

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N. MATERNAL GRANDFATHER

MGEDUC                            N1 Now I would like to ask you a few questions about your mother's father. What was                                                        the highest level of school he completed? Probe as necessary, using response                                                        categories.

MGOCC                                   N2 What did your maternal grandfather do for a living? If he did more than one                                                              thing, please tell me what he did for the greatest part of his life. Please describe                                                              his work  in as much detail as you can.     

MGPROP                                   N3 Did your maternal grandfather ever own any property, such as land, a farm, a                                                                business, or a house or apartment?

MGLND48                                N4a Did he own any land or farm then?

MGSIZE48                               N4b How many <hectares/country-specific units> of land did he have?

                                                 [Number of units]

MGHOLD48                             N4c [Asked only if N4b not answered.] Well, were his holdings small, medium, or                                                                large?

MGBUSI48                               N4d Did he own a shop or business in 1948? If yes, ask: Was this a small or a large                                                           business?

MGHSE48                                N4e Did he own a house or apartment in 1948?

MGCON48                               N5 Was any of the property your grandfather owned in 1948 confiscated,                                                               nationalized, or collectivized?

MGLCON48                             N6a Land or farm?

MGBCON48                            N6b Business?

MGHCON48                             N6c House or apartment?

MGCON38                               N7 Now please think back to 1938. Did your grandfather lose any property between                                                         1938 and 1948 due to confiscation or wartime damage?

MGLCON38                             N8a Land or farm?

MGBCON38                             N8b Business?

MGHCON38                             N8c House or apartment?

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O. SPOUSE

EVERMAR                                O1 Have you ever been married or lived with someone as married?

WHENMAR                              O2 If you have ever been married or lived as married, when did you first get                                                              married  or start living with someone as married?

MARSTAT                               O3 Are you currently married, or what? [Show Card I--see Appendix A.] If currently                                                        married or living as married, code 1 or 2 even if also widowed or divorced or separated                                                        from previous spouse.

SPACT                                      O4a Is <he/she> working or what? [Show Card B--see Appendix A.]

SPOCC                                      O4b What kind of work <does/did> <he/she> do? Please tell me <his/her> job                                                                  title and also <his/her> main duties and responsibilities.

SPIND                                       O4c What branch of industry <does/did> <he/she> work in? [Show Card C--see                                                            Appendix A.]

SPORG                                     O4d What type of firm or organization is it? Which of these categories fits best?                                                                [Show Card D--see Appendix A.]

SPSE                                         O4e <Is/was> <he/she> self-employed?

SPSUB                                     O4f How many people <does/did> <he/she> supervise? None, between one and                                                              nine, or 10  or more?

SPFULL                                    O4g <Does/did> <he/she> work full or part-time?

SPEDUC                                     O5 What was the highest level of schooling <he/she> completed?

SDADACT                                O6a When your <husband/wife/partner> was 14 years old, what has <his/her>                                                                father doing> Was he working or what? [Show Card B--see Appendix A.]

SDADOCC                               O6b What kind of work did he do? Please tell me his job title and also his main                                                                duties and responsibilities.

SDADIND                                O6c What branch of industry did he work in? [Show Card C--see Appendix A.]

SDADSE                                   O6e Was he self-employed?

SDADSUB                                O6f How many people did he supervise? None, between one and nine, or 10 or                                                               more?

SDADEDUC                              O7 What was the highest level of schooling he completed?

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P. PROPERTY OF RESPONDENT

Now I would like to ask you about the property you <and your spouse> own.

LAND93                                  P1 Do you <or your spouse> own any land or farm?

SIZE93                                      P2 How many hectares of land do you <and your spouse> own?

HOLD93                                     P3 [Asked only if P2 not answered.] Well, are your holdings small, medium, or                                                               large?

HSE93                                       P4 Do you <or your spouse> own the house or apartment you live in?

VHSE93                                    P5 Do you <or your spouse> own a weekend house or cottage?

OHSE93                                     P6 <Aside from the house or apartment you live in> and your weekend                                                          house/cottage>, do you <or your spouse> own any other houses or apartments?

PROPVAL                                P7 What would you estimate as the total current value of the real estate and                                                             business  property you <and your spouse> own?

BOND                                       P8 Do you <or your spouse> own any stocks, shares, or bonds?

BONDVAL                              P9 What would you estimate as the total current value of all the shares, stocks, and                                                       bonds you <and your spouse> own?

VEHICLE                                   P10 Do you <or your spouse> own a car or another motor vehicle?

VVAL                                        P11 What would you estimate as the total current value of all the cars and other                                                                motor vehicles you <and your spouse> own?

MOVEVAL                               P12 Finally, what would you estimate to be the total current value of all the other                                                          movable property (the furnishings of your house or apartment, your jewelry, art                                                          work, etc.) you <and your spouse> own?

[Note: A question on total value of current savings was asked only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. If the country specific question was answered, P13 was skipped. However, for the international file codes for P13 are added on the basis of the responses to the previous, country-specific, question.]

SAVINGS                                   P13 Do you have at least <equivalent of current average monthly income, specific                                                                 to  each country> in savings?

EVERCON                              P14 Was any of your own property or your spouse's property ever confiscated,                                                                    nationalized, or collectivized?

LCON                                       P15a Land or farm?

BCON                                       P15b Business?

HCON                                       P15c House or apartment?

REFORM                                   P16 Did your grandparents, parents, your spouse or you yourself ever receive any                                                                land  from the land reform of 1945? [Bulgaria: the date specified is 1946; Czech                                                                and Slovak wording: "during the post-war reforms"--which were, in fact, in 1945 in                                                                Czechoslovakia]

TICKET                                   P17 Have your grandparents, parents, your spouse or you yourself received a                                                         compensation ticket or has any property been restituted to you?

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Q. RESIDENTIAL HISTORY

BIRTHPL                                 Q1 What was the name of the place where your mother lived when you were born?

DIDMOVE                               Q3 Did you ever move from one town to another or change residential status since                                                             you  were 14?

MOVEYR__                              a In which year did you move or change residential status?

PLACE__                                   b What is the name of the place you moved to? If you did not change towns, but                                                             only changed residential status, just say "same as before".

STATUS__                                c What was your <new residential status/your residential status in your new                                                            place>?  [Show Card J--see Appendix A.]

MOVEYR02                             Year moved to 2nd place of residence after reaching age 14
to
MOVEYR16                             Year moved to 16th place of residence after age 14

PLACE01                                  Location of first place of residence at age 14
to
PLACE16                                  Location of 16th place of residence after age 14

STATUS01                               Status of first place of residence at age 14
to
STATUS16                               Status of 16th place of residence after age 14

[Note: The Bulgarian file includes 17 additional variables--size of place of birth and size of place of residences 1-16, all coded with the same categories as RESSIZE1 in Part III.]

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R. HOUSING SITUATION

ROOMS                                   R1 How many rooms are there in this <apartment/house>?

SQMETER                                R2 What is the approximate size of this <apartment/house> in square meters?

SHARE                                      R3 Do you share this <apartment/house> with other households?

HHROOMS                              R4 How many rooms are used exclusively by your household?

WATER                                    R5a Piped water?

WC                                            R5b Inside toilet?

BATH                                        R5c Bathroom or shower cabinet?

PHONE                                      R5d Telephone?

LEVEL                                       R6 How would you describe the quality of your <apartment/house> relative to                                                              what is  typical of our country?

REPAIR                                    R7 Has your <apartment/house> been repaired or improved in any major way                                                            during  the time you have lived here (whether or not you did the work yourself)?

EVERMOVE                              R8 If respondent reported more than one residence in the "Residential History table, go                                                         to R9. Otherwise, ask: Have you lived in the same <apartment/house> all your life?

PROOMS                                  R9 Now I would like to ask you the same questions about the <apartment/house>                                                         that  you lived in just before you moved to your present one. How many rooms                                                         were there in that <apartment/house>?

PSQMETER                               R10 What was the approximate size of that <apartment/house> in square meters?

PSHARE                                    R11 Did you share that <apartment/house> with other households?

PHHROOMS                            R12 How many rooms were used exclusively by your household?

PWATER                                   R13a Piped water?

PWC                                          R13b Inside toilet?

PBATH                                      R13c Bathroom or shower cabinet?

PPHONE                                   R13d Telephone?

PLEVEL                                     R14 How would you describe the quality of that <apartment/house> relative to                                                          what is typical of our country?

PREPAIR                                   R15 Was that <apartment/house> repaired or improved in any major way during                                                                 the time you lived there (whether or not you did the work yourself)?

YEARIN                                    R16 In what year did you move to your present <apartment/house>?

TENANTS                                 R17 How many people, including you, were in your household in your previous                                                           <apartment/house> at the time you moved from that <apartment/house> to your                                                            present one?

PYEARIN                                  R18 In what year did you move to your previous <apartment/house>?

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S. MATERIAL CONSUMPTION

Which of the following items do you or your household currently have? Read list one by one.

WASHER                                  S1a Automatic washing machine? [Russian wording: "washing machine"]

VCR                                          S1b Video cassette recorder (VCR)?

SATEL                                      S1c Satellite receiver?

MICRO                                     S1d Microwave oven?

FREEZER                                 S1e Separate deep freeze?

COMPUTER                           S1f Personal computer?

[Note: Item on color TV asked only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.]

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T. LIFE-STYLE

ANYLANG                           T1 Do you speak--even a little--any languages apart from <the one we are using                                                          now>?

LANG__                                   T2 Which languages? Record all languages. For each language mentioned, ask: How                                                             well do you speak it? Only a little, fairly well, or very well?

LANG01                                   First language mentioned
to
LANG04                                   Fourth language mentioned

LLEV01                                    How well speak first language mentioned
to
LLEV04                                    How well speak fourth language mentioned

PMUSEUM                               T3a Go to art museums or art exhibits--how often did your mother and father do                                                               that?

PPERF                                       T3b Go to a ballet, opera, theater, or concert?

PMUSIC                                   T3c Listen to classical music at home?

PREAD                                     T3d Read serious books such as history, biography, science, or literature?

PLIB                                         T3e How often did they go to the library?

                                                  T4 When you were 14 years old, was there a

PDICTION                               T4a Dictionary or encyclopedia in your house/apartment?

PATLAS                                    T4b An atlas?

PBOOKS                                  T5 About how many books were there? [Show Card L--see Appendix A.] Which                                                        category fits best?

MUSEUM                                T6a Go to art museums or art exhibits--how often do you do that?

PERF                                       T6b Go to a ballet, opera, theater, or concert?

MUSIC                                    T6c How often do you listen to classical music at home?

READ                                     T6d Read serious books such as history, biography, science, or literature?

LIB                                         T6e How often do you go to the library?

[Note: Seven additional questions on cultural consumption were asked only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.]

DICTION                                 T7a Dictionary or encylopedia in your house/apartment?

ATLAS                                      T7b An atlas?

BOOKS                                    T8 About how many books are there? [Show Card L--see Appendix A.] Which                                                            category  fits best?

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U. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

PARTYMEM                            U1 Now I would like to ask a few questions about your family's political                                                              involvement.  Let's begin with you. Have you ever been a member of any                                                              political party?

PARTY__                                 a What was the name of this party?

YRJOIN__                                b When did you join this party?

YRLEFT__                               c If you are no longer a member, when did you leave?

OFF__                                      d What was your highest unpaid office or function in this party, if any? Record name                                                          of office or function verbatim. If respondent say he/she held no office or function, record                                                           "none" and go to U3.

YRBEG__                                  e In what year did you first hold this office or function?

YREND__                                 f In what year did you last hold this office or function?

PARTY01                                 1st party mentioned
to
PARTY06                                 6th party mentioned

YRJOIN01                               Year joined 1st party
to
YRJOIN06                               Year joined 6th party

YRLEFT01                               Year left 1st party
to
YRLEFT06                               Year left 6th party

OFF01                                      Highest unpaid office in 1st party
to
OFF06                                      Highest unpaid office in 6th party

YRBEG01                                 Year began office in 1st party
to
YRBEG06                                 Year began office in 6th party

YREND01                                Year left office in 1st party
to
YREND06                                Year left office in 6th party

UNION                                     U4 Have you ever been a member of a trade union?

UNION88                                 U5 Were you a member of a trade union in 1988? [Bulgaria: 1990]

NAME88                                   U6 Which one?

UNION93                                  U7 Are you a member now?

NAME93                                   U8 Which one?

SPMEM                                    U9 Now I would like to ask about your spouse again. Has <he/she> ever been a                                                         member of any political party?

SPARTY1                                  Spouse's political party mentioned first
to
SPARTY4                                  Spouse's political party mentioned fourth

DMEM                                       U11 What about your father? Was he ever a member of a political party?

DPARTY_                                  U12 Please list all the parties he was ever a member of.

DPARTY1                                 Father's political party mentioned first
to
DPARTY4                                 Father's political party mentioned fourth

MMEM                                     U13 Finally, what about your mother? Was she ever a member of a political party?

MPARTY_                                 U14 Please list all the parties she was ever a member of.

MPARTY1                               Mother's political party mentioned first
to
MPARTY4                               Mother's political party mentioned fourth

[Note: a question on left vs. right wing self-identification was asked only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.]

TURNOUT                             U15 If elections to parliament were held this Sunday, would you vote?

VOTENOW                             U16 If elections to parliament were held this Sunday, which political party would you                                                          vote for? [Show Card M--see Appendix A.]

VOTETHEN                              U17 Which party did you vote for in the most recent election to parliament? [Show                                                           Card M--see Appendix A.]

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V. ANCESTRY AND RELIGION

[Note: these questions were worded somewhat differently in each country, to take account of local circumstances. Each wording variant is shown here.]

DORIG__                                  V1 Bulgarian wording:

The ancestries corresponding to each variable in each country are as follows:

Variable Bulgaria Czech Rep. (and Slovakia) Hungary Poland Russia
1 Armenian Czech German German Russian
2 Bulgaro-mohamedani (Bulgarian Moslem) Slovak Slovak Jewish Ukrainian
3 Vlassi (Vlach) Moravian Jewish Ukrainian Byelorussian
4 Gagauzi Silesian Romanian Byelorussian Baltic nationality
5 Greek Jewish Serbian Lithuanian Autonomous Republic nationality
6 Jewish Polish Croatian Russian Central Asian nationality
7 Karakachani Hungarian Gypsy Slovak Trans-Caucasian nationality
8 Macedonian Russian Ukranian Moldavian
9 Russian German Other Tatar
10 Turkish Gypsy Jewish
11 Roma (Gypsy) Ukrainian Small ethnic group in Russian Federation
12 Other Other Other Other

DORIG01                                   V1a Father's ancestry 1
to
DORIG12                                   V1l Father's ancestry 12

MORIG__                                  V2 Now how about your mother's family?

MORIG01                                 V2a Mother's ancestry 1
to
MORIG12                                 V2l Mother's ancestry 12

ORIG__                                    V3 What about yourself?

ORIG01                                    V3a Respondent's identity 1
to
ORIG12                                    V3l Respondent's identity 12

[Note: The Czech and Slovak version of the respondent's identity question was asked also about the spouse.]

BIRTHREL                               V4 In what religion were you brought up?

RELIG                                       What is your current religion?

ATTEND                                   V5 How often do you attend religious services these days? Probe as necessary, using                                                          response categories.

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W. CONCLUSION

SUBJ                                        W1 Finally, comparing your life now and in 1988, would you say your life is much                                                         better now, a little better now, about the same, a little worse now, or much worse                                                         now?

BIRTHDAY                               W2 For statistical control purposes, could you please tell me your exact day of                                                               birth?

INTER                                       W3 Thank you very much for your help. Is there anything you want to tell us that                                                               we haven't covered, especially about things that either helped you get ahead in                                                               life or held you back?

AGAIN                                      W4 Would you be willing to be interviewed again, in a less formal way, about your                                                               life experiences?

[Note: Six questions on social capital were asked only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.]

[Note: Ten questions on attitudes about the current situation in Russia were asked only in Russia]

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