Distribuční systém v Československu: empirická fakta, výkladové hypotézy

Two perspectives, both elaborated in Marx's work, can be used to analyze income distribution under state socialism. The first is based on the wellknown principle, "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his work". This principle generally corresponds to the stratification vertical ordering of occupations. The second perspective refers rather to Marx's theory of the exploitation mechanism in early capitalism, under which the owner of the means of production rewards the owner of the labour force not according to his work, but only according to the costs of his (and his family's) reproduction. The exploitation perspective on the differentiation of personal earnings, family incomes and consumption expenditures in socialist Czechoslovakia is proposed here.