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Úvod do studia chudoby v Československu
The new economic situation after the political turnover requires comprehensive research on poverty, i. e., of its roots, extent, forms and coping strategies. After drawing the changing societal framework of such a study, the author deals with various alternatives of social policies and poverty indicators.The main results of two surveys are presented to compare several measurements, such as the OECD standard, the official line of "social neediness," and Kapteyn's and van Praag's subjective lines.Differenc…
Topics: Social Inequalities, Transformation
Distribuční systém v Československu: empirická fakta, výkladové hypotézy
Two perspectives, both elaborated in Marx's work, can be used to analyze income distribution under state socialism. The first is based on the wellknown principle, "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his work". This principle generally corresponds to the stratification vertical ordering of occupations. The second perspective refers rather to Marx's theory of the exploitation mechanism in early capitalism, under which the owner of the means of production rewards the owner of the lab…
Topics: Wages and Incomes, Work
Household consumption in the Czech Republic: from shopping queues to consumer society
The article witnesses about fast development of consumption in the Czech Republic after 1989. First, basic features of consumption under the communism are exposed. Second, the likely impact of transition on the economic situation of households is discussed. Third, changes in patterns of family expenditures are documented. Fourth, the consumer scene with its agencies and clients is sketched. Both the positive and negative features of booming consumption are summarized in conclusion.…
Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Consumption, Transformation
Le revenu des ménages en République Tchèque après 1989: hausse et changement de structure des inégalités
Cet article utilise des enquêtes sur les revenus pour la période 1988-2004 afin d’illustrer les changements intervenus dans les inégalités des revenus des ménages, l’origine de ces changements et les principaux facteurs de telles disparaités. Il suggère qu’il s’est produit un changement systémique fondamental, qui a fait passer de l’application d’un principe de "besoins fondamentaux" à la mise en oeuvre d’un principe de "récompense obtenue sur le marché".This paper draws on income surv…
Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities, Transformation
Earnings disparities in the Czech Republic: Evidence of the past decade and cross-national comparison
Wage and income surveys are used to display changes in inequality of earnings and main factors of disparities. In the first part, increasing disparities in the Czech Republic and the decreasing weight of demographic characteristics in wage determination are observed. In the second part, available evidence on cross-national comparison is gathered in order to demonstrate the increasing similarity of the Czech wage structure with Western countries. We document that the introduction of the market economy has led t…
Topics: Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities
Transformation in a Socio-economic Perspective
Transformation cannot be completed unless markets hit not only formal, but also substantive aspect of economy. It involves economic institutions (first of all private ownership), economic behavior (based on confidence and other traditional values) and economic actors (especially the middle classes). The weak ties of social relationships have their strength under transformation, be it the former nomenklatura, continuing local brotherhoods end new clans. In the surroundings of unbalanced chances and weak institu…
Topics: Economy, Transformation
Changing social status of pensioners and the prospects of pension reform in the Czech Republic
The changing social status of pensioners is structured according to stylized periods. The communist regime shifted pensioners to the margins of society. The democratic transition empowered pensioners as voters. Debate about pension reform is reported then and the possible impact of current reform proposals on the future income of pensioners considered. In conclusion, the importance of bringing children back into the system and increased activity rate of older persons are stressed.…
Topics: Work, Social Inequalities, Transformation
The Czech labour market: historical, structural and policy perspectives
First we focus on the specific phases of the labour market as it developed in the 1990s. Second, we observe the changing composition of the labour force and labour mobility. Third, we examine the vulnerable categories of people. Policies, active labour market policies in particular, are described in the fourth section. Fifthly, we analyze the flexibility of the labour market in its various forms. In conclusion, several questions regarding the future of the Czech labour market are raised.…
Topics: Work, Public Policy
Self-employment in the Czech Republic and CEE Countries: Persons and Households
The article presents evidence on the development and patterns of self-employment in four CEE countries. In reference to completed research, the author points out the specific features of the development of these categories in the communist and market regimes. Next, he shows in more detail the changes in the number and position of self-employed in the Czech Republic after 1990. Third, he draws on the EU-SILC surveys to compare self-employed persons in CEE countries, Austria and Germany.…
Topics: Wages and Incomes, Transformation
Diferenciace mezd v ČR: vývoj v minulém desetiletí a mezinárodní srovnání
Wage and income surveys from 1989 to 1999 reveal the extent of changes in the inequality of earnings in the Czech Republic and the main components of the new income disparities. The author first examines the increasing differences and the decreasing weight of demographic characteristics in wage structure. Then, in the second part of the paper, evidence is gathered toward a cross-national comparison of income distribution in order to demonstrate the increasing similarity of the Czech wage structure with those i…
Topics: Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities
Rozdělení příjmů domácností v ČR v l. 1988-1996: přizpůsobení tržní ekonomice
Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Social Policy, Transformation
Přerozdělování příjmů daněmi a dávkami v ČR: jeho proměny a reflexe po roce 1989
Abstract…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes, Social Capital, Sociological Data
Income Taxes and Benefits among Czech Employees: Changes since 1989 and a Cross-National Comparison
Statistical income surveys are used to show the separate and joint effects of taxes and transfers on the distribution of household income among employees in the Czech Republic. On the face of it, the state takes more from and gives less to households, compared with the situation before 1989, and the redistributive effect of the new system is much stronger. In a cross-national comparison, the results depend on the sources and the methods used. When taxes and benefits are taken separately, it can be said that th…
Topics: Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities
Střední vrstvy v české společnosti a výzkumu: mizející nebo zapomenuté?
In the article, fates of the middle class in Czech society and its reflection in Czech sociology are briefly overviewed. The first part is devoted to the interwar Czechoslovakia which was reflected as a middle-class society. The second part depicts suppression of the entrepreneurial middle class by the communist regime and its resurrection since early 1990s. The third part is about after-war sociological research of this phenomenon, which has been developed somewhat more during transition.…
Topics: Social Inequalities, Transformation
Ekonomická transformace a "neoklasické chování"
Topics: Economy, Transformation
Změny v rozdělení příjmů domácností 1988-1992
Topics: Wages and Incomes, Social Policy
Regionální diferenciace na trhu bydlení a její příčiny
This article concerns problems of housing in the CR and their regional context. the analysis has been realised on the basis of data excerpted from newspapersadvertisement and those placed by selected real estate agencies. The mainattention is devoted to searching for possible causes of regional differencesin market prices of housing. …
Topics: Housing, Economy, Regions
Utváření trhu práce a perspektivy zaměstnání v České republice
Topics: Economy, Work
Sociální problémy a politiky v České republice po roce 1989: náklady přechodu a socio-ekonomická struktura
This paper compares the standard economic and a complementary socio-economic approach to the transition. While the economic approach looks at social problems from the outside and views them as costs of transition, the socio-economic approach looks at these problems from the inside and views them as a part of the social change taking place. Both approaches are here used to analyze four frictions. The first friction concerns the PAYG pension system which emphasizes intergenerational dependence and turns pensio…
Topics: Social Inequalities, Social Policy, Transformation
Czech Greens in the 2002 General Election: A New Lease of Life?
The article analyses the fortunes of the Geens in the 2002 General Election in the Czech Republic. The path of development ofthe Greens from the promissing party with good brand name and unkown and somewhat suspicious leaders into political marginality in the first half of the 1990's was changed in the beginning of the 21st century. The complete internal change of theparty connected with rising cooperation with more respected environmental NGO activists is considered the main reas…
Topics: Historical Sociology, Value Orientations, Elections and Electoral Research
Výběrová šetření a analýza agregátních dat - diskuse na téma použitelnosti různých přístupů v komparativních analýzách politického chování
The use of surveys has long been considered superior to aggregate data analysis in study of political behavior as it allows researchers to avoid danger of ecological fallacy. Article suggests the use of LOCCONTINGENCY method that combines the advantages of both possible approaches. Results provided by LOCCONTINGENCY method is tested by comparing with the survey results from four model regions. The strengths and weaknesses of the method evaluated and its practical usability is discussed. …
Topics: Research Methodology, Politics and Political Attitudes, Regions
Subjektivní indikátory blahobytu: přístupy, měření a data
The article drafts problems on the interface of the objective and subjective indicators. In the first section, multi-dimensional approaches are tackled and in the second, concepts of happiness and satisfaction are overviewed. The relationship between economic growth and human happiness is described next. In the fourth section, data on reported happiness in the Czech Republic, ready for analysis and comparison, are described. In the conclusion, perspectives of research in the area are outlined.…
Topics: Economy, Research Methodology
Vliv teritoriálně specifických faktorů na formování politických orientací voličů
Based on the empirical analysis of the survey data from four model regions combined with the äecological' data describing the social environment within people live the article analyse the influence of the territorially specific factors on the development of political attitudes. The resuls of analysis prove the importace of territorially specific factors. …
Topics: Public Opinion, Elections and Electoral Research
Earnings disparities and income inequality in CEE countries: an analysis of development and relationships
The potential provided by survey data for studying simultaneous changes in earnings disparities, inequality of household income, and the connections between them has thus far been underexploited. This paper presents various data on four Central and East European (CEE) countries, as well as some data on Austria and Germany for the sake of comparison. First, it compares the changes in both distributions over time since the communist period as reported in various sources to see how much disparities and inequality…
Topics: Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities, Sociological Data
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