Search - Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Jak draho nás přijde Evropa

Topics: Economy, European Union

Publication Type: Public event or educational activity

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Pracujeme snad za trest?

Topics: Work

Publication Type: Public event or educational activity

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Earnings distribution in Czechoslovakia: Intertemporal change and international comparison

The purpose of this article is to assess the specific features of earnings differentials in Czechoslovakia and their change over time. Various explanatory hypotheses are submitted for understanding personal income distribution under the system of state socialism. Analysis of variance is used to show the influence of gender, age, education, and economic sector on level of reward. In the last 20 years, less educated, older, and ‘productive’ workers and branches of industry were preferred for reasons related …

Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities

Publication Type: Peer-reviewed article

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Labor Force Attitudes in the Transition to the Market: the Czechoslovak Case

Changes of labor market attitudes in a post-centrally planned economy are examined on the basis of survey data in terms of the production and utilization of human capital work incentives and rewards private ownership and job allocation work perspectives and unemployment and the role of the state. The transitory period is confused. The transformation of post-communist countries is being carried out when the era of market regulation is over in the West and state guardianship in the labor market is being eroded, …

Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Work, Social Capital, Transformation

Publication Type: Peer-reviewed article

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Anciennes et nouvelles inégalités économiques: le cas tcheque

Topics: Economy, Social Inequalities

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Old and New Economic Inequalities: The Czech Case

Under the transformation period, economic inequality is assuming new meanings and accents, and its importance growing. We show recent changes and various facets of inequality as displayed in distributions of earning, household incomes and wealth. In earnings, instead of the system covering the costs of labour force reproduction, human capital is better rewarded, thus, the importance of ownership and job grows. In household income, the „demographic“ pattern is slowly replaced by a market model which strengt…

Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities, Transformation

Publication Type: Peer-reviewed article

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Incomes in Central Europe: Distributions, patterns and perceptions

Comparative documentation on earnings and household incomes is gathered and analyzed to show recent tendencies in distributional patterns in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. No revolutions, but important shifts mostly maintaining differences between countries have occurred since 1989. Inequality rose in both personal and household incomes, and market patterns seem to have developed at the expense of demographic determination of incomes. Whereas recent income mobility in Poland and Hungary has …

Topics: Migration and Mobility, Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

The middle class in the Czech reforms: the interplay between policies and social stratification

Following the assumption that the middle class is important in the transition from communism to a democratic market society as its leading actor and guarantor of social integration, this paper presents evidence of the benefits it has gained from economic and social reforms. As these have turned out to be rather modest, it is likely that the middle class will be more reserved in its political support for a rigorous transformation. Special attention is given to the distribution and redistribution of income in wh…

Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities, Social Policy, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Rural and Urban Differences in Economic Experiences, Anxiety and Support for the Post-communist Reforms in the Czech and Slovak Republics

The economic experiences and economic anxiety of rural and urban residents of the Czech and Slovak Republics during the postcommunist reforms are compared and related to their support for the reforms. The analysis is based on five national surveys, 1992–1996, collected by the Sociology Institute of the now Czech Academy of Sciences. Net of controls, both Czech and Slovak rural respondents report more economic strain and unemployment, a difference that persists over the surveys. These experiences account for …

Topics: Economy, City and Village, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Trends in Czech attitudes toward the market and democracy

The post-communist transitions in Europe are both economic and political reforms. Experiences with the economic reforms and attitudes about them might undermine support for the democratic reforms, a possible contradiction embedded in post-communist transitions. We examined first trends in support for the market and democratic reforms in the Czech Republic with eleven national surveys from 1990 to 1998. We then asked if respondents' economic experiences and their attitudes about the market reforms were assoc…

Topics: Economy, Politics and Political Attitudes, Transformation

Publication Type: Peer-reviewed article

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

From Needs to the Market.The changing inequality of household income in the Czech transition

Statistical income surveys are used to document systemic changes in distribution of household income and its determinants in the period 1988-1996: 1. the growing difficulties of income surveys under the democratic regime are reflected 2. the substantive meaning of various income indicators and their relationship to the social and economic situation is discussed 3. growing disparities of income after 1989 and the shift from demographic factors (numbers of active earners and children, age) to socioeconomic facto…

Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Social Policy, Transformation

Publication Type: Peer-reviewed article

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Education and Support for the Czech Reforms

Educated Czechs fared poorly during the communist regime (1948-89) but havedone relatively well since the Velvet Revolution. This phase change is consistentwith transition theory and suggests that educated Czechs may be more supportiveof the postcommunist reforms as a consequence. To test this hypothesis, theauthors examined 11 national surveys (1990-98) of Czech respondents to determineif economic standing and other controls explained the relation betweeneducation and attitudes about the country's reforms.…

Topics: Value Orientations, Transformation, Education

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Skating on Thin Ice: A Comparison of Work Values and Job Satisfaction in CEE and EU Countries

The article presents a critical reading of opinion data on work and job values. Three cross-national surveys are used: the ISSP module on Work Orientations, the European Values Study, and the Households-Work-Flexibility survey. In the first part, some methodological problems are described and illustrated through previous research. In the second part, several specific results are displayed. In the third part, the focus is on job satisfaction. One of the main conclusions of the analysis is that although there ar…

Topics: Value Orientations, Work, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

The Labour Market in the Czech Republic: Trends, Policies and Attitudes

The paper presents various data on employment and unemployment trends, wage developments, and even workers’ opinions and their potential labour market strategies, as reflected in various surveys. In particular, it identifies the existing labour market rigidities and show that the high unemployment resembles a vicious circle, resulting in the emergence of the unemployment trap and benefit dependency. Active labour market policy measures alone appear to be insufficient to deal with this problem. …

Topics: Value Orientations, Work, Sociological Data

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Social Policy in the Czech "Republic": the Past and Future of Reforms

The development and controversies relating to Czech social policy after 1989 are described. The ambivalent character of the communist welfare state is considered first and its theoretical alternatives outlined second. After early energetic changes, stagnation has reigned since the mid-1990s. Despite problems, the current performance of the system is satisfactory. However, the system is not efficient in the long run as it would produce an increasing debt toward the future. Reforms are necessary but their feasib…

Topics: Social Policy, Transformation, Public Policy

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Změny v příjmové nerovnosti v letech 1989-1992

Topics: Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

The Labor Market in Czechoslovakia: Changing Attitudes of the Population

Changes in the labor market are observed on the base of recent surveys from various points of view: 1. the production and utilization of human capital 2. work incentives and rewards 3. private ownership and job allocation 4. work perspectives and unemployment. The transitory period will be very confused. The labor market will be segmented and the development of individual segments will be uneven. Already now, new temporary borderlines are being created. The transformation of the post-communist countries is bei…

Topics: Wages and Incomes, Work, Social Capital, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Úvod do studia chudoby v Československu

The new economic situation after the political turnover requires comprehensive research on poverty, i. e., of its roots, extent, forms and coping strategies. After drawing the changing societal framework of such a study, the author deals with various alternatives of social policies and poverty indicators.The main results of two surveys are presented to compare several measurements, such as the OECD standard, the official line of "social neediness," and Kapteyn's and van Praag's subjective lines.Differenc…

Topics: Social Inequalities, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Distribuční systém v Československu: empirická fakta, výkladové hypotézy

Two perspectives, both elaborated in Marx's work, can be used to analyze income distribution under state socialism. The first is based on the wellknown principle, "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his work". This principle generally corresponds to the stratification vertical ordering of occupations. The second perspective refers rather to Marx's theory of the exploitation mechanism in early capitalism, under which the owner of the means of production rewards the owner of the lab…

Topics: Wages and Incomes, Work

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Household consumption in the Czech Republic: from shopping queues to consumer society

The article witnesses about fast development of consumption in the Czech Republic after 1989. First, basic features of consumption under the communism are exposed. Second, the likely impact of transition on the economic situation of households is discussed. Third, changes in patterns of family expenditures are documented. Fourth, the consumer scene with its agencies and clients is sketched. Both the positive and negative features of booming consumption are summarized in conclusion.…

Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Consumption, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Le revenu des ménages en République Tchèque après 1989: hausse et changement de structure des inégalités

Cet article utilise des enquêtes sur les revenus pour la période 1988-2004 afin d’illustrer les changements intervenus dans les inégalités des revenus des ménages, l’origine de ces changements et les principaux facteurs de telles disparaités. Il suggère qu’il s’est produit un changement systémique fondamental, qui a fait passer de l’application d’un principe de "besoins fondamentaux" à la mise en oeuvre d’un principe de "récompense obtenue sur le marché".This paper draws on income surv…

Topics: Economy, Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Earnings disparities in the Czech Republic: Evidence of the past decade and cross-national comparison

Wage and income surveys are used to display changes in inequality of earnings and main factors of disparities. In the first part, increasing disparities in the Czech Republic and the decreasing weight of demographic characteristics in wage determination are observed. In the second part, available evidence on cross-national comparison is gathered in order to demonstrate the increasing similarity of the Czech wage structure with Western countries. We document that the introduction of the market economy has led t…

Topics: Wages and Incomes, Social Inequalities

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

The emergent labor market and job prospects in the Czech Republic

Topics: Work

Publication Type: Peer-reviewed article

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Transformation in a Socio-economic Perspective

Transformation cannot be completed unless markets hit not only formal, but also substantive aspect of economy. It involves economic institutions (first of all private ownership), economic behavior (based on confidence and other traditional values) and economic actors (especially the middle classes). The weak ties of social relationships have their strength under transformation, be it the former nomenklatura, continuing local brotherhoods end new clans. In the surroundings of unbalanced chances and weak institu…

Topics: Economy, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Changing social status of pensioners and the prospects of pension reform in the Czech Republic

The changing social status of pensioners is structured according to stylized periods. The communist regime shifted pensioners to the margins of society. The democratic transition empowered pensioners as voters. Debate about pension reform is reported then and the possible impact of current reform proposals on the future income of pensioners considered. In conclusion, the importance of bringing children back into the system and increased activity rate of older persons are stressed.…

Topics: Work, Social Inequalities, Transformation

Publication Type: Article with impact factor

Department: Economic and Religious Studies

Publications

Jak draho nás přijde Evropa

Pracujeme snad za trest?

Earnings distribution in Czechoslovakia: Intertemporal change and international comparison

Labor Force Attitudes in the Transition to the Market: the Czechoslovak Case

Anciennes et nouvelles inégalités économiques: le cas tcheque

Old and New Economic Inequalities: The Czech Case

Incomes in Central Europe: Distributions, patterns and perceptions

The middle class in the Czech reforms: the interplay between policies and social stratification

Rural and Urban Differences in Economic Experiences, Anxiety and Support for the Post-communist Reforms in the Czech and Slovak Republics

Trends in Czech attitudes toward the market and democracy

From Needs to the Market.The changing inequality of household income in the Czech transition

Education and Support for the Czech Reforms

Skating on Thin Ice: A Comparison of Work Values and Job Satisfaction in CEE and EU Countries

The Labour Market in the Czech Republic: Trends, Policies and Attitudes

Social Policy in the Czech "Republic": the Past and Future of Reforms

Změny v příjmové nerovnosti v letech 1989-1992

The Labor Market in Czechoslovakia: Changing Attitudes of the Population

Úvod do studia chudoby v Československu

Distribuční systém v Československu: empirická fakta, výkladové hypotézy

Household consumption in the Czech Republic: from shopping queues to consumer society

Le revenu des ménages en République Tchèque après 1989: hausse et changement de structure des inégalités

Earnings disparities in the Czech Republic: Evidence of the past decade and cross-national comparison

The emergent labor market and job prospects in the Czech Republic

Transformation in a Socio-economic Perspective

Changing social status of pensioners and the prospects of pension reform in the Czech Republic

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