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883 Publications
Postavení žen v české vědě a aktivity na jejich podporu. Monitorovací zpráva za rok 2008
Počet žen, které pracují ve vědě, je nízký (25 %). ČR v tomto ohledu zaostává jak za průměrem EU, tak ve srovnání s novými členskými státy. Navíc od roku 2001 zůstává podíl vědců vůči vědkyním na stejné úrovni. V české vědě také panuje vysoká míra horizontální a vertikální segregace. Jak na tuto situaci reagují jednotlivci a instituce? Postavení žen ve vědě se pomalu stávají tématem, kterému státní, výzkumné a vědecké instituce začínají věnovat pozo…
Topics: Gender
Historické proměny obrazu ženy
The chapter informs on historical changes in women´s images in Czech society since the end of 1940s. It is based on content analysis of articles in womenŽs magazine 'Vlastaö from 1947 till 1997. Vlasta has been the only massively read womenŽs magazine in Czech society since 1940s. The content analysis revealed historical changes in presentations of womenŽs roles in the family, in the labor market and in the society. It also revealed historical changes in the presentation of menŽs roles in the family.…
Topics: Gender
Názorové diference k současným změnám v českém porodnictví
Childbirth, its risks and management of labor are viewed through the social constructivist lens. Manners in which differing childbirth management practices are negotiated are analyzed based on quantitative and qualitative data. The work focuses on the analysis of the argumentation of proponents of the two competing concepts of childbirth management practices in contemporary obstetrics and an analysis of factors that influence the actual practices of medical professionals in Czech society. …
Topics: Gender, Parenting
Podmínky na trhu práce a jejich dopad na fungování rodiny
In the chapter the author examines the forms of labour flexibility (quantitative flexibility has to do with the arrangement of working hours, qualitative flexibility with quality of work and work organisation0 and their gender aspects and the impact on the harmonisation of work and family responsibilities. She shows specific forms of flexible employment with the goal of allowing harmonisation and examines the attitudes of actors involved to individual forms of labour flexibility. …
Topics: Gender, Work
Women´s representation in the trade unions
Topics: Gender
Women´s non-governmental organisations and women´s groups in left- and right-wing social movements
Topics: Gender, Social Policy
Partnerství v rodině
The study builds on empirical data on gender roles and their changes in Czech society during last ten years. It points on gender stereotypes in the family and on the labour market prevalent in the society. It also analyses changes of gender roles during the family cycle. …
Topics: Gender, Work, Family, Lifestyle
Gender roles, family policy and family behavior: Changing Czech society in the European context
Growing difference in Czech men’s and Czech women’s (more liberal) attitudes towards gender roles is analyzed a shift in income poverty structure towards bigger inclusion of households with children in the country is focused and the discrepancy thatCzech mothers stay at home with their children for a longer period of time than before, while the number of Czech women disagreeing with the statement saying that women’s employment has a negative effect on children, increased, is explained.…
Topics: Gender, Parenting, Family
Influence and Marginality in Formalized and Informal Czech Women´s Civic Organizing
It has been argued that changes in funding sources and structures have greatly affected contours of Czech women’s organizing. Authors analyzed the relationship between organized activity and grassroots support in the postsocialist Czech Republic. They suggested that despite the recent privileging of the formalization of organizations and networks by donor agencies, informalrelations and personal connections continue to be crucial to the success of both NGOs and informal feminist groups. …
Topics: Gender, Civil Society
Fertility decline, the postponement of childbearing and the increase in childlessness in Central and Eastern Europe: A gender equity approach
There has been a marked trend towards the postponement of childbearing and increased childlessness in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) since the 1990s. In this chapter, current scientific debates and theories of fertility decline in CEE are briefly reviewed, with a particular focus on the case of the Czech Republic. The potential contribution of a gender equity focusedapproach for explaining current demographic trends in CEE is then discussed, drawing on evidence from the 1994 and 200…
Topics: Gender, Parenting
Variationen Zweiverdienermodels: Mutterewerbstatigkeit im tschechisch-deutschen Vergleich
In diesem Kapitel befassen wir uns mit den ökonomischen, politischen und kulturellen Faktoren die Berufstätigkeit der tschechischen und ostdeutschen Mütter beeinflussen. Wir konzentrieren uns an die Faktoren, die bis jetzt nur selten untersucht waren - Bedingungen zur Kombination von Arbeit und Familie innerhalb der Betriebe. Unsere Analyse hat gezeigt, dass es nötig, im Kontext der Staaten des ehemaligen Ostblocks, zwischen verschiedenen Doppeleinkommen-Modellen von der Regelung der Geschlechterbeziehunge…
Topics: Work, Lifestyle
Fenomén bezdětnosti v české společnosti v kontextu společenských změn
Topics: Civil Society, Parenting
Factors contributing to the decline in childcare services for children under the age of three in the Czech Republic
The author studies changes in availability and use of daycare services in Czech society in context of changes in female laborforce participation, gender relations, family policy and public debates on childcare, population decline and economic prosperity.The author claims that the current decline in daycare services is influenced not only by current socioeconomic trends but is truly embedded in the history of daycare services in the region.…
Topics: Family, Social Policy
Variations of the dual earner model: a comparison of the Czech Republic and Germany
We examine factors that have impact on mothers´ employment and childcare practices in Czech and East German societies. We argue that two different versions of the dual earner model developed in the former Czechoslovakia and East Germany, andthat they affect work-life balance patterns in the two societies even today.…
Topics: Gender
Na čí "účet" se v naší společnosti odehrává reprodukce?
Authors analyze division of unpaid work and care in dual-parent and mono-parent families with dependent children, and asses the impact of the unequal gender division of work and care on parents and their children. …
Topics: Parenting, Family
The Institutional Roots of Post-Communist Family Policy: Comparing the Czech and Slovak Republics
This chapter takes a feminist-institutionalist approach to understanding post-communist family policy. It argues that in order to look at family policies from a feminist perspective, it is necessary to investigate how institutional arrangements influence policies that in turn structure gender relations.…
Topics: Gender, Family
Female Employment, Population Policy, and Childcare: Early Childhood Education in Post-1945 Czech Society
The author argues that there were four critical junctures that institutionalized a specific path of childcare in the Czech Republic. This policy path established the norm that mothers stay at home with children for 3 years and it also led to one of the highest percentages of 4-to 5-year-old children in public care in Europe.…
Topics: Gender, Care, Education
The Role of Work in Fertility Plans of Childless Men and Women in Their Thirties
To what extent and in what ways does work influence fertility plans? The issue of job instability influences mainly men, the issue of combining work and care pertains mainly women. The chapter explains the low involvement in parenthood of men with low education, the highest childlessness among university educated women, and later entry into parenthood among couples in whichthe man’s education is lower. It explains differentiation in women’s childlessness according to the type …
Topics: Gender, Work
Decisions on Re-Entering the Labour Market after the Parental Leave
Drawing on 48 biographic narratives, I examine the decisions post-1989 Czech mothers made about when and how to combine caring for children with making a living. Following identification of mothers’ motivations to return to work and to provide full-time maternal care, the analysis reveals the negative impact of post-1989 family policy. The extension of the economic inactivity of mothers conceals a situation in which they increasingly more than before perform a series of short-term odd jobs.…
Topics: Care, Work, Family
The framing of care claims by Czech women´s groups in a post-socialist context
Authors employ frame analysis to explain how feminist organizations, gender-conservative women’s orgs., migrant-oriented orgs. and Roma women’s groups in the Czech Republic frame their care claims. They identify five interpretative frames (gender equality frame, frame of the moral value of the family and the dignity of motherhood, work-centred frame, redistribution frame, and integration frame) and identify possibilities/barriers of cooperation/implementation of their claims.…
Topics: Gender, Care
Genderová rovnost v evropské vědní politice: politická ekonomie strukturální změny
European science policy turned its attention to gender equality at the end of the 20th century, influencing to a smaller or greater extent three Framework Programmes supporting European research and technological development (the fifth, sixth and seventh). Gender equality is also an important component of the current negotiations of the next framework programme titled Horizon 2002 for the period 2013-2020. In this paper I analyse European policies of gender equality in science between 2008 and 2011. I ask what…
Topics: European Union, Gender, Sociology of Sciences
Překlad článku Genderové praktiky v konstrukci akademické excelence: Ovce s pěti nohama
Academic excellence is allegedly a universal and gender neutral standard of merit. This article examines exactly what is constructed as academic excellence at the micro-level, how evaluators operationalize this construct in the criteria they apply in academic evaluation, and how gender inequalities are imbued in the construction and evaluation of excellence. We challenge the view that the academic world is governed by the normative principle of meritocracy in its allocation of rewards and resources. Based on a…
Topics: Gender, Sociology of Sciences
Public accountability and the politicization of science: The peculiar journey of Czech research assessment
In recent decades, research has undergone major changes, resulting in radical shifts in patterns of governance. In this process, external forms of research assessment have developed as a proxy for researchers’ and research institutions’ accountability to society. In this paper we focus on the developments of research assessment in the Czech Republic. First, we trace the trajectory of accountability measures in the socio-historical contexts of post-socialist science as a tool of not only evaluating but also…
Topics: Sociology of Sciences
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