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Property restitution after 1990
Property restitution is the process in which property expropriated by communist regime was returned to the previous owners or their descendants. This chapter seeks to explain the differences between the housing restitution strategies adopted by post-socialist countries, to present in-depth case studies in four countries, and to discuss the impact of property restitution on the development of the private rental sector in these countries. Explanations for differences between approaches to housing property restit…
Topics: Housing
Poor and vulnerable households in private renting.
This chapter demonstrates that market (private) tenants differ from the rest of the population in almost all former post-socialist EU member states by their lower age and higher odds of being unemployed. However, in most countries in the sample the majority of most poor and vulnerable households tend to be homeowners or public tenants rather than tenants in private rental housing. When dwellings are offered by the private sector as rentable housing for the poor, they are often of substandard quality and locate…
Topics: Housing
Czech Republic: growth and proffesionalisation
The chapter describes the main milestones on the path of private renting growth in the Czech Republic after 1990 and a snapshot analysis of the status of the private rental sector today. The goal of this chapter is to show that specific interventions and regulations, often short-term in nature (such as property restitution, rent regulation or public housing privatization), had a significant impact on the long-term meaning of private renting in the Czech Republic, i.e. on its size, operation and affordability b…
Topics: Housing
Central and East European housing regimes in the light of private renting
The chapter provides an overview of the development of the private rental sector in post-socialist countries and the authors discuss the future convergent or divergent trends in East European housing regimes. As concluding chapter it sets out to further the housing policy debate on European housing regimes.…
Topics: Housing
Reasoning behind choices: rationality and social norms in the housing market behaviour of first-time buyers in the Czech Republic
The main objective of this paper is to draw attention to the influence of social norms on housing market behaviour. The research is based on an in-depth qualitative study of first-time buyers in the Czech Republic. We found systemic deviations from economically rational behaviour (as defined by mainstream housing economic theory) that stem from the influence of a dominant housing social norm about what constitutes the ‘right’ housing tenure. We show how the influence of a social norm constrains financial, …
Topics: Housing
Application of Agent-based Modelling for Estimation of Norm-based Dynamics of Housing Systems
Housing systems are mainly defined by the housing tenure structure in a particular society. We assume that choice of housing tenure is determined by economic factors, the life course and social interactions that reproduce and/or weaken the social norm that deems one housing tenure – homeownership – is superior to another housing tenure – renting. By applying agent-based modelling, we show that strong adherence to the social norm (and the transmission of this norm across generations within the family) may…
Topics: Housing
Social housing in the Czech Republic: the change of a trend?
The goal of this paper is (1) to describe the history and the most recent development of the social housing system in the Czech Republic and (2) to critically assess earlier and recent attempts to solve the lack of a social housing strategy in this country. In general, the paper is meant to contribute to the literature on the housing policy formulation in countries in transition, from planning to market economy, and thus provide an insight into the main factors that may explain unsustainability and the weaknes…
Topics: Housing, Social Policy
Housing restitution policies among post-socialist countries: explaining divergence
The purpose of this paper is to explain why post-socialist countries adopted different housing restitution strategies after the change of regimes across the region. Restitution refers here to the process of returning property or compensating for property expropriated by the communist regime to its previous owners or their descendants. This paper provides a brief overview, assessment and categorisation of housing property restitution policies using a sample of 14 post-socialist countries, but it primarily aims …
Topics: Housing, Politics and Political Attitudes, Public Policy
Rovní v příjmech, nerovní v majetku? Nerovnosti ve vlastnickém bydlení v ČR.
Stať je věnována problematice majetkových nerovností jako doposud v České republice spíše opomíjené ose sociálních nerovností. Majetkové nerovnosti a jejich vývoj v čase jsou v tomto textu měřeny na základě hodnoty nemovitého majetku (bytu či domu), v němž domácnost žije. Hodnota nemovitého majetku domácností v ČR v uplynulých desetiletích významně vzrostla, kromě toho Češi stále více upřednostňují vlastnické bydlení na úkor jiných forem právního důvodu užív…
Topics: Housing, Social Inequalities
Living and Dealing with Limited Opportunities: Social Disadvantage and Coping Strategies in Rural Peripheries
In the article, manifestations of social disadvantage in peripheral rural settings in the Czech Republic are investigated. Based on the theory of local opportunity structures, the authors identify various aspects of the spatial context that intersect with individual handicaps of people and their households and contribute to poverty and social exclusion. Moreover, coping strategies of vulnerable rural inhabitants are investigated.…
Topics: City and Village, Regions, Social Inequalities, Standard of Living
Rural Quality of Life – Poverty, Satisfaction and Opportunity Deprivation in Different Types of Rural Territories
This article contributes to the rural-urban quality of life comparison issue by investigating territorial differences in quality of life using indices of poverty, satisfaction and opportunity deprivation. The article introduces three innovative elements. First, rural-urban differences are analysed alongside with the within-rural differentiation, second, two distinct spatial patterns of different forms of rural territorial disadvantage are introduced, third, the net-effect of the residential environment is asse…
Topics: Housing, City and Village, Regions, Social Inequalities, Standard of Living
Families and local opportunities in rural peripheries: Intersections between resources, ambitions and the residential environment
The article focuses on arrangements of family life in rural peripheries and deals with the specific constraints faced by families with children in peripheral localities. The impact of the peripheral residential environment in terms of locally embodied opportunities on the parental choices and its interactions with familial ambitions and resources is highlighted, particularly in three domains: elementary school choice, extracurricular activities, care-work reconciliation. Based on semi-structured interviews wit…
Topics: Housing, City and Village, Regions, Parenting, Family
Where Have All the Rural Poor Gone? Explaining the Rural–Urban Poverty Gap in European Countries
This article contributes to explanations of rural poverty and deprivation by focusing on the rural–urban poverty and deprivation gap in European countries. Using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data, it confirms, convincingly, the limited validity of the argument for universally increased poverty and deprivation levels in rural areas in Europe, and demonstrates that the disparities are related to four theoretically elaborated factors: increased rural poverty can be observed in count…
Topics: Economy, City and Village, Regions, Social Inequalities
Poverty and Social Exclusion in Diversified Rural Contexts
This paper is summarising the state of the art of rural poverty and social exclusion research and the current developments in the field, and it proposes new research agendas. In particular, the importance of further Europeanisation and internationalisation of rural poverty research is emphasised to reduce the bias and oversimplification inherent in the tendency to apply concepts derived from the Anglo-Saxon reality to other European countries. It is recognised that rural poverty not only constitutes a quantita…
Topics: Economy, City and Village, Regions, Social Inequalities
The other disadvantaged neighbourhood: income related effects of living in rural peripheries
In this article, we argue that similarly to the literature on urban neighbourhood effects, the idea of disadvantaging residential environment can be used to explain the socio-economic disadvantage of residents in rural peripheries. We present arguments as to why it is appropriate to consider the effects of the residential environment in a micro-regional perspective and outside of metropolitan areas. These effects are empirically analysed using income related data from the Czech Republic. We ask whether income …
Topics: Economy, City and Village, Wages and Incomes, Regions, Social Inequalities
Discourses on Abortion and their Impact on Institutions in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in the Second Half of the 20th Century (1950–2003)
Topics: Gender, Historical Sociology, Parenting, Sexuality, Public health
Setting Social Status in Couples and Partners’ Budgetary Discretion in Central European Countries
The conventional optics of social stratification research—in which the social position of the family unit is seen as being determined by the status of the male head of the household—has been challenged since the early 1970s. Economic research has also questioned the approach that views the household as a single unit. Given the changing circumstances affecting the family and the increasing proportion of couples with female primacy in terms of earnings, education, and socio-economic category, these approache…
Topics: Social Inequalities, Standard of Living
On the Measurement of the Income Poverty Rate: The Equivalence Scale across Europe
The methodology used to determine the at-risk-of-poverty rate commonly applied in the European context is often criticised for arbitrary steps in its construction. This study questions the first step – the equivalence scale applied to transform the disposable income of households of different sizes into comparable units. First, we hypothesise that economies of scale are lower in Central-Eastern European countries than in their Western counterparts. We assess the hypothesis using a simple descriptive analysis…
Topics: Standard of Living
Příspěvek na péči jako „zvláštní peníze“: chápání a užívání příspěvku na péči v blízkých vztazích
The paper presents the comparative results of two qualitative researches on long-term informal family care in the Czech Republic: one researching the life strategies of women caring for their elderly parents and the other researching women caring for a child with a disability. The interviews with the two groups of caregivers make it possible to compare the ways in which people in different caring situations interpret and use the same state benefit intended for people who need personal long-term care. The analy…
Topics: Gender, Intergenerational Relations, Care, Age and Aging
Doing gender and age: The case of informal elderly care in the Czech Republic
This article seeks to describe and explain some of the factors behind the prevalence of women in informal care for seniors. It presents a qualitative study of women who are caring for a frail elderly parent in the Czech Re-public. Care is seen as a space where gender and other intersecting identi-ties are performed and this has specific subjective, structural and material consequences. The author draws on biographical interviews with women caregivers and shows how they “do gender and age” in their narrativ…
Topics: Gender, Intergenerational Relations, Care, Age and Aging
Muži a ženy pečující o seniory v rodině
Current data show that most elderly care in the Czech Republic, as well as worldwide, is provided by family members and in most cases women. Men also provide care, but they are less likely to do so, the intensity of the care they do provide is not as great, and the care activities they engage in are of a different type than those performed by women. This article seeks to answer two questions: What share of Czech women and men are caring for an elderly member in the family? Do the experiences of sons and daught…
Topics: Gender, Intergenerational Relations, Care, Age and Aging
Regional Patterns of Social Differentiation in Visegrád Countries
This paper focuses on a neglected—horizontal—dimension of social stratification. It examines the patterns of social differentiation in the Visegrad countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and attempts to assess changes in the social structure at the subnational level. Social structure changes are explained within the context of broader socio-economic development. The main analyses performed in this study are based on EU-SILC micro-data covering 2006–2016 and offer a comprehensive pe…
Topics: City and Village, Wages and Incomes, Work, Regions, Social Inequalities, Education
Volný čas a práce v proměnách času
The aim of this article is to show the development of the perception of leisure and work or their ideal in different stages of human history, focusing primarily on the situation in so-called Western culture.…
Topics: Lifestyle
Predatory Publishing and the Imperative of International Productivity: Feeding Off and Feeding Up the Dominant
Inspired by Lin and Law’s discussion of “modes of international” (2013, 2014), we argue in this chapter that gaming metrics, predatory publishing, and exploiting the model of gold open access (Beall, 2012) can be partly understood as a logical response to the imperative of internationalization going wild. It enacts a different, yet dubious, alternative mode of internationalization for those researchers and institutions who fail—for better or worse—within the established mode of international, with it…
Topics: Sociology of Sciences
Publication Type: Chapter in a Book / Monograph
Department: National Contact Centre for Gender & Science
Trends in educational fluidity after the fall of socialism in the Czech Republic.
The aim of this paper is to identify the trends in educational fluidity after the fall of socialism in 1989 in the Czech Republic. The data are based on 27 sample surveys carried out from 1990 to 2009, including information on the child’s and his father’s education. The trends in educational fluidity are analysed both in view of the years and with respect to the birth cohorts, i.e. on the grounds of two effects: unequal educational odds (according to the socio-economic origin) and the “differentiation”…
Topics: Social Inequalities, Education
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