Všechny publikační výsledky
213 Publikací
Jak draho nás přijde Evropa
Témata: Ekonomie, Evropská unie
Pracujeme snad za trest?
Témata: Práce
Earnings distribution in Czechoslovakia: Intertemporal change and international comparison
The purpose of this article is to assess the specific features of earnings differentials in Czechoslovakia and their change over time. Various explanatory hypotheses are submitted for understanding personal income distribution under the system of state socialism. Analysis of variance is used to show the influence of gender, age, education, and economic sector on level of reward. In the last 20 years, less educated, older, and ‘productive’ workers and branches of industry were preferred for reasons related …
Témata: Ekonomie, Mzdy a příjmy, Sociální nerovnosti
Labor Force Attitudes in the Transition to the Market: the Czechoslovak Case
Changes of labor market attitudes in a post-centrally planned economy are examined on the basis of survey data in terms of the production and utilization of human capital work incentives and rewards private ownership and job allocation work perspectives and unemployment and the role of the state. The transitory period is confused. The transformation of post-communist countries is being carried out when the era of market regulation is over in the West and state guardianship in the labor market is being eroded, …
Témata: Ekonomie, Mzdy a příjmy, Práce, Sociální kapitál, Transformace
Anciennes et nouvelles inégalités économiques: le cas tcheque
Témata: Ekonomie, Sociální nerovnosti
Old and New Economic Inequalities: The Czech Case
Under the transformation period, economic inequality is assuming new meanings and accents, and its importance growing. We show recent changes and various facets of inequality as displayed in distributions of earning, household incomes and wealth. In earnings, instead of the system covering the costs of labour force reproduction, human capital is better rewarded, thus, the importance of ownership and job grows. In household income, the „demographic“ pattern is slowly replaced by a market model which strengt…
Témata: Ekonomie, Mzdy a příjmy, Sociální nerovnosti, Transformace
Incomes in Central Europe: Distributions, patterns and perceptions
Comparative documentation on earnings and household incomes is gathered and analyzed to show recent tendencies in distributional patterns in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. No revolutions, but important shifts mostly maintaining differences between countries have occurred since 1989. Inequality rose in both personal and household incomes, and market patterns seem to have developed at the expense of demographic determination of incomes. Whereas recent income mobility in Poland and Hungary has …
Témata: Migrace a mobilita, Mzdy a příjmy, Sociální nerovnosti
The middle class in the Czech reforms: the interplay between policies and social stratification
Following the assumption that the middle class is important in the transition from communism to a democratic market society as its leading actor and guarantor of social integration, this paper presents evidence of the benefits it has gained from economic and social reforms. As these have turned out to be rather modest, it is likely that the middle class will be more reserved in its political support for a rigorous transformation. Special attention is given to the distribution and redistribution of income in wh…
Témata: Ekonomie, Mzdy a příjmy, Sociální nerovnosti, Sociální politika, Transformace
Rural and Urban Differences in Economic Experiences, Anxiety and Support for the Post-communist Reforms in the Czech and Slovak Republics
The economic experiences and economic anxiety of rural and urban residents of the Czech and Slovak Republics during the postcommunist reforms are compared and related to their support for the reforms. The analysis is based on five national surveys, 1992–1996, collected by the Sociology Institute of the now Czech Academy of Sciences. Net of controls, both Czech and Slovak rural respondents report more economic strain and unemployment, a difference that persists over the surveys. These experiences account for …
Témata: Ekonomie, Město a vesnice, Transformace
Trends in Czech attitudes toward the market and democracy
The post-communist transitions in Europe are both economic and political reforms. Experiences with the economic reforms and attitudes about them might undermine support for the democratic reforms, a possible contradiction embedded in post-communist transitions. We examined first trends in support for the market and democratic reforms in the Czech Republic with eleven national surveys from 1990 to 1998. We then asked if respondents' economic experiences and their attitudes about the market reforms were assoc…
Témata: Ekonomie, Politika a postoje k politice, Transformace
From Needs to the Market.The changing inequality of household income in the Czech transition
Statistical income surveys are used to document systemic changes in distribution of household income and its determinants in the period 1988-1996: 1. the growing difficulties of income surveys under the democratic regime are reflected 2. the substantive meaning of various income indicators and their relationship to the social and economic situation is discussed 3. growing disparities of income after 1989 and the shift from demographic factors (numbers of active earners and children, age) to socioeconomic facto…
Témata: Ekonomie, Mzdy a příjmy, Sociální politika, Transformace
Education and Support for the Czech Reforms
Educated Czechs fared poorly during the communist regime (1948-89) but havedone relatively well since the Velvet Revolution. This phase change is consistentwith transition theory and suggests that educated Czechs may be more supportiveof the postcommunist reforms as a consequence. To test this hypothesis, theauthors examined 11 national surveys (1990-98) of Czech respondents to determineif economic standing and other controls explained the relation betweeneducation and attitudes about the country's reforms.…
Témata: Hodnotové orientace, Transformace, Vzdělání
Skating on Thin Ice: A Comparison of Work Values and Job Satisfaction in CEE and EU Countries
The article presents a critical reading of opinion data on work and job values. Three cross-national surveys are used: the ISSP module on Work Orientations, the European Values Study, and the Households-Work-Flexibility survey. In the first part, some methodological problems are described and illustrated through previous research. In the second part, several specific results are displayed. In the third part, the focus is on job satisfaction. One of the main conclusions of the analysis is that although there ar…
Témata: Hodnotové orientace, Práce, Transformace
The Labour Market in the Czech Republic: Trends, Policies and Attitudes
Článek analyzuje statistická a sociologická data o trendech v zaměstnanosti a nezaměstnanosti, vývoji mezd, postojích pracovníků a jejich pracovních strategiích. Zejména se pak zabývá rigiditami na trhu práce a ukazuje, že vysoká nezaměstnanost se podobá bludnému kruhu ústícího do vzniku pasti nezaměstnanosti a závisloti na dávkách. Aktivní politika zaměstnanosti je sama o sobě nedostatečná k řešení uvedeného problému.…
Témata: Hodnotové orientace, Práce, Sociologická data
Social Policy in the Czech "Republic": the Past and Future of Reforms
Je popsán vývoj a kontroverze české sociální politiky pro roce 1989. Nejprve je ukázána ambivalence komunistického sociálního státu a poté jeho teoretické alternativy. Po energických změnách nastala v polovině 90. let jistá stagnace. Přes problémy je výkon současného systému uspokojující. Nicméně systém není efektivní z dlouhodobého hlediska a může vytvářet značný dluh vůči budoucnosti. Reformy jsou nezbytné, avšak jejich průchodnost pochybná s ohledem na křehkost …
Témata: Sociální politika, Transformace, Veřejná politika
Změny v příjmové nerovnosti v letech 1989-1992
Témata: Mzdy a příjmy, Sociální nerovnosti, Transformace
The Labor Market in Czechoslovakia: Changing Attitudes of the Population
Changes in the labor market are observed on the base of recent surveys from various points of view: 1. the production and utilization of human capital 2. work incentives and rewards 3. private ownership and job allocation 4. work perspectives and unemployment. The transitory period will be very confused. The labor market will be segmented and the development of individual segments will be uneven. Already now, new temporary borderlines are being created. The transformation of the post-communist countries is bei…
Témata: Mzdy a příjmy, Práce, Sociální kapitál, Transformace
Úvod do studia chudoby v Československu
The new economic situation after the political turnover requires comprehensive research on poverty, i. e., of its roots, extent, forms and coping strategies. After drawing the changing societal framework of such a study, the author deals with various alternatives of social policies and poverty indicators.The main results of two surveys are presented to compare several measurements, such as the OECD standard, the official line of "social neediness," and Kapteyn's and van Praag's subjective lines.Differenc…
Témata: Sociální nerovnosti, Transformace
Distribuční systém v Československu: empirická fakta, výkladové hypotézy
Two perspectives, both elaborated in Marx's work, can be used to analyze income distribution under state socialism. The first is based on the wellknown principle, "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his work". This principle generally corresponds to the stratification vertical ordering of occupations. The second perspective refers rather to Marx's theory of the exploitation mechanism in early capitalism, under which the owner of the means of production rewards the owner of the lab…
Témata: Mzdy a příjmy, Práce
Household consumption in the Czech Republic: from shopping queues to consumer society
Článek dokládá rychlý vývoj spotřeby v České republice po roce 1989. Nejprve jsou představeny hlavní rysy spotřeby za komunismu. Dále je diskutován možný dopad transformace na ekonomickou situaci domácností. Poté jsou dokumentovány změny v rodinných rozpočtech. Nakonec je narýsována scéna konzumu s jejími aktéry a klienty. V závěru jsou shrnuty kladné a záporné rysy rozpínající se spotřeby.…
Témata: Ekonomie, Mzdy a příjmy, Spotřeba, Transformace
Le revenu des ménages en République Tchèque après 1989: hausse et changement de structure des inégalités
V článku jsou použita příjmová šetření pokrývající období 1988–2004 k ilustraci změn v nerovnosti příjmů domácností, jejích zdrojů a hlavních faktorů příjmových rozdílů. Dokládá hlavní systémovou změnu vedoucí od aplikace "principu základních potřeb" k "principu tržních odměn". Uzavírá diskusí hlavních specifických rysů příjmové distribuce v České republice.…
Témata: Ekonomie, Mzdy a příjmy, Sociální nerovnosti, Transformace
Earnings disparities in the Czech Republic: Evidence of the past decade and cross-national comparison
Wage and income surveys are used to display changes in inequality of earnings and main factors of disparities. In the first part, increasing disparities in the Czech Republic and the decreasing weight of demographic characteristics in wage determination are observed. In the second part, available evidence on cross-national comparison is gathered in order to demonstrate the increasing similarity of the Czech wage structure with Western countries. We document that the introduction of the market economy has led t…
Témata: Mzdy a příjmy, Sociální nerovnosti
Transformation in a Socio-economic Perspective
Transformation cannot be completed unless markets hit not only formal, but also substantive aspect of economy. It involves economic institutions (first of all private ownership), economic behavior (based on confidence and other traditional values) and economic actors (especially the middle classes). The weak ties of social relationships have their strength under transformation, be it the former nomenklatura, continuing local brotherhoods end new clans. In the surroundings of unbalanced chances and weak institu…
Témata: Ekonomie, Transformace
Changing social status of pensioners and the prospects of pension reform in the Czech Republic
Změny sociálního statusu důchodců jsou strukturovány podle stylizovaných období. Komunistický režim odsunul důchodce na okraj společnosti. Přechod k demokracii je nadal skutečným volebním právem. Poté je pojednána debata o důchodové reformě a možný dopad jejích současných návrhů na budoucí příjmy důchodců. V závěru je zdůrazněna důležitost zahrnutí dětí do systému a zvýšení zaměstnanosti starších osob.…
Témata: Práce, Sociální nerovnosti, Transformace
Strana 6 z 9
