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The Impact of the EU on the Czech Party System
The text focuses on the impact of European integration on Czech party system. European integration has undoubtedly influenced Czech political parties, but the influence has neither been destabilizing nor instrumental in the formation of new parties. European issues, both in terms of support for joining the EU and in relation to attitudes about the desired speed of European integration, have mapped on to the dominant left-right cleavage in Czech politics. This covariance works at the mass level, but it does not…
Topics: European Union, Politics and Political Attitudes, Elections and Electoral Research
Sociální třída a její vliv na volební chování
Class interests play an important role in voting behaviour in the Czech Republic. The highest electoral turnout has been found among high professionals, the lowest among semi-skilled and un-skilled workers. Right-wing ODS is voted most often by middle and upper middle class (independents, higher professionals), left wing ČSSD and KSČM working and lower class (skilled, semi-skilled, and un-skilled workers). However, social class does not explain voting behaviour completely. Analyses showed effect of status in…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes, Social Inequalities, Elections and Electoral Research, Standard of Living
What Can Ecological Inference Tell Us about the Second-Order-Elections-Thesis in the Czech Republic and Slovakia?
The Second-Order Election Thesis (SOET) is one of a family of multi-level electoral behaviour theories that was specifically developed to explain changes in voting behaviour in general and European elections. Our analyses indicate that the patterns of voting behaviour predicted by the SOET are mediated by a number of national and regional factors.…
Topics: European Union, Politics and Political Attitudes, Elections and Electoral Research
Types of Non-electoral Political Participation in Europe
The authors describe what forms of political participation, outside the electoral process, the populations of twenty-one European countries tend to employ and to what degree. They identify three types of non-electoral political participation: active-conventional, active-demonstrational, and passive participation. Overall non-electoral political participation is considerably lower in the post-communist and Mediterranean countries than in the Western European and Scandinavian countries.…
Topics: Civil Society, Politics and Political Attitudes
Czech Republic: Is It Possible To Buy Political Stability?
This key volume explores how party and campaign finance in post-communist countries have influenced the development of the party system. Based on an analysis of nine case studies, the work examines how the implementation of public finance affects the pattern of party competition and the role of money in elections. One of the lessons from the post-communist experience is that, no matter how well-designed, public finance systems are subject to constant revision as parties, politicians and business elites exploit…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes
Česká národní identita na přelomu tisíciletí
Searching for the Czech national identity or its infirmity repeats in the Czech history. In 1995 and 2003, ISSP surveys National Identity I and National Identity II were fielded in the Czech Republic. Based on this surveys the chapter shows changes of the four elements of the Czech national identity – image of the nation, territorial identity, national pride, and the form of the love for the nation. The results of the analyses show whether Czechs are cultural or state nation, how strong is their local, regio…
Topics: Identity, Transformation
Partneři v životě, partneři v podnikání - genderové vztahy v řízení firmy
The study focuses on the motivations for going into business, which proved to be significantly differentiated according to gender, with women citing the possibilities for combining work and family responsibilities as one of the main motivations for going into business. Conversely, businessmen make a clear separation between their professional and family lives, and for them business is almost exclusively a means for their own professional development.The study revealed that the structure of company management, …
Topics: Gender, Interpersonal Relations, Work
The Parliament of the Czech Republic, 1993–2004
The sudden collapse of communism stimulated both the rapid emergence of fledgling democracies and scholarly attention to the post-communist transition. These newly democratized parliaments have been described as "parliaments in adolescence".This book identifies six parliaments which exemplify the wide range of developments in the new post-communist political systems, from the stable consolidated democracies to the less stable and more authoritarian states, within which their respective parliaments function.Fin…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes, Transformation
Leaving Berkeley after 35 years: An Interview with Arlie Hochschild
In May 2006 I was working on a research project at Berkeley. There I met Arlie Hochschild, whose formal academic career as a professor of sociology at Berkely University for the past 35 years was about to end. I had the opportunity to visit one of her classes and discuss research methodology and ways of writing up results. We also spoke about the differences between American and Czech gender regimes. At that time I got the idea of asking Arlie if she would do an interview for this journal, and she agreed. A…
Topics: Gender, Work, Lifestyle
Proč ženy berou méně za stejnou práci?
Statistická analýza individuálních dat v časové řadě (1998 – 2004) jednak ukázala, že existuje významný mzdový rozdíl i mezi ženami a muži na stejné pozici v jedné firmě, který nelze vysvětlit dostupnými osobními nebo strukturálními charakteristikami a jednak, že nedošlo k výrazné změně mzdových rozdílů mezi muži a ženami v období významných legislativních změn ve směru k odstranění nerovností v odměňování ani v několika letech následujících po těchto zm…
Topics: Gender, Wages and Incomes, Work
Od rovnostářství k zásluhovosti? Česká republika mezi dvěma ideologiemi distributivní spravedlnosti
The principle objective of the paper is to uncover the interplay between egalitarian and inegalitarian norms and beliefs about distributive justice during the postcommunist transformation in the Czech Republic. Two theoretical perspectives, namely the „split-consciousness“ theory (Kluegel and Smith) and the theory of dominant and challenging norms of distributive justice (Della Fave), are applied in comparative analysis of egalitarian and inegalitarian inclinations in the Czech&nbs…
Topics: Social Inequalities, Transformation
K čemu je dobrá vyšší mateřská pro ženy s vyššími příjmy a co neřeší?
S novelou zákona o nemocenském pojištění, která začne platit od 1.1.2009, dochází i ke změně resp. ke zvýšení redukčních hranic pro výpočet výše peněžité pomoci v mateřství. Nově jsou podobně jako u výpočtu dávek nemocenského pojištění stanoveny namísto dvou tři redukční hranice, z nichž se vypočítává měsíční částka peněžité pomoci v mateřství (mateřský příspěvek). Je to jistě dobrá zpráva pro ženy, které plánují narození dítěte. Ne v…
Topics: Gender, Work, Parenting
Oděv a móda jako sociální fenomény
Clothing is a social phenomenon concentrating a wide range of social symbols and meanings. Which are not rigid, but changeable. They are modified and reproduced due to changes in social space. In my work, I seek to recover some of the most important and most interesting modifications of this phenomenon seen against the background of traditional, modern and post-modern societies with the help of both classical and the most influential theories up to date, i. e. those of Paul Willis and Henning Bech in which man…
Topics: Lifestyle
Subjective Mobility after 1989
The article analyses two types of subjective mobility between 1988 and 1993. It asks how people evaluate the changes in their social status and economic situation and seeks to identify the links with certain objective social characteristics (which fix the position of an individual in the stratification system.) It considers improvements, stability and decline in the social position in six countries: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Slovakia and, primarily, the Czech Republic. It concludes…
Topics: Migration and Mobility, Social Inequalities, Transformation, Elections and Electoral Research
Pracovní versus soukromý život
Topics: Work, Family
Czech Political Parties and their Voters
This article deals primarily with voting patterns during elections to the Chamber of Representatives. The new trends in voting patterns [Matějů and Vlachová 1997] that emerged during the Senate elections are not considered in the article. Information on voting patterns during the parliamentary elections are supplemented by information gained from surveys carried out in autumn 1996. The article maps out the shifts in votes between the 1992 and 1996 elections and the developing s…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes, Public Policy, Elections and Electoral Research
Krystalizace politických postojů a politického spektra v České republice
The basic structural cleavages of post-communist society should, according to Kitschelt [1992], be aligned along two separate axes: the left-right axis and that of libertarianism-authoritarianism. The party systems in central and eastern Europe were expected to structure themselves along axes ranging from authoritarians and opponents of the market at one end and liberals and supporters of the market at the other. The distribution of parties along these axes would be dependent on the level of ind…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes, Public Policy
Role politicky relevantních hodnot ve volebním rozhodování v České republice
Voting behaviour is generally not so much a matter of choosing one party out of a list of all parties on a ballot paper, but rather a choice between a much smaller number of acceptable parties. Typical voting behaviour may be supposed to be a choice between two parties. It is not a matter of a single important or dominant political attitude or value, but rather a complex process involving many different factors, some of which reinforce each other, while others are in contrast or even c…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes, Elections and Electoral Research
Role mužů a žen v rodině a ve společnosti 2
Topics: Gender, Family
Role mužů a žen v rodině a ve společnosti 1
Topics: Gender, Family
Jaké jsou aspirace vysokoškolských studentek a studentů ke vstupu do podnikání?
V České republice v současnosti podniká zhruba 200 tisíc žen a 565 tisíc mužů (údaje Českého statistického úřadu za rok 2007). To představuje zhruba 10% ze všech zaměstnaných žen a 21% ze všech zaměstnaných mužů. Ženy tedy tvoří pouze 26% všech podnikajících osob. Podle Global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) (2) byla míra podnikatelské aktivity (etablované podniky, ale i jakékoli aktivity, vedoucí k založení podnikání) v ČR v roce 2006 12,21%. To je v evropském srovnán…
Topics: Gender, Work
Postoje a sociálně politické hodnotové orientace
The book is a new, original re-elaboration of the problems discussed in the course of the international symposium in Prague, May 2001. It represents a critical reflection of the present state of postsocialist transformation in Central Europe facing the new challenges of modernization. Besides broader texts prepared by Czech, German, Hungarian and Polish national teams, it involves a series of discussion and expertsŽ contributions by sociologists from 11, prevailingly European countries. The texts are based on…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes, Transformation
Publication Type: Chapter in a Book / Monograph
Department: Public Opinion Research Centre
Sociální identifikace seskupení podle statusových vzorců 1991
The article represents a continuation of the study Social Stratification in Czechoslovakia 1991 published in Sociologický časopis No. 5/1992. It is also based on the social transformation survey from October, 1991. In the first part, some cross-tabulations are presented. They demonstrate the interdependence between the differentiation of the male population along multidimensional status-pattern groupings (clusters), and six other important variables. The analysis leads to, among others, the discovery that th…
Topics: Politics and Political Attitudes, Social Inequalities, Transformation
The Legitimacy of Democracy and Trust in Political Institutions in the Czech Republic
This article deals with legitimacy of democracy and its relationship to trust in institutions in the Czech Republic. The author distinguishes between support for democracy as a form of government, and satisfaction with the development of democracy in a (particular) country, and searches for the factors which this depends on. As explanatory factors, the author first tests trust in institutions, then political culture and personal characteristics.…
Topics: Trust/Social Cohesion, Civil Society
Konference Community, work and family
Topics: Work, Family, Lifestyle
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